Abstract. Gaseous nitrous acid (HONO) is an important source of OH radicals in the troposphere. However, its source, especially that during daytime hours remains unclear. We present an instrument for simultaneous unambiguous measurements of HONO and NO2 with high time resolution based on incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS). To achieve robust performance and system stability under different environment conditions, the current IBBCEAS instrument has been developed with significant improvements in terms of efficient sampling as well as resistance against vibration and temperature change, and the IBBCEAS instrument also has low power consumption and a compact design that can be easily deployed on different platforms powered by a high-capacity lithium ion battery. The effective cavity length of the IBBCEAS was determined using the absorption of O2-O2 to account for the “shortening” effect caused by the mirror purge flows. The wall loss for HONO was estimated to be 2.0 % via a HONO standard generator. Measurement precisions (2σ) for HONO and NO2 are about 180 and 340 ppt in 30 s, respectively. A field inter-comparison was carried out at a rural suburban site in Wangdu, Hebei Province, China. The concentrations of HONO and NO2 measured by IBBCEAS were compared with a long optical path absorption photometer (LOPAP) and a NOx analyzer (Thermo Fisher Electron Model 42i), and the results showed very good agreement, with correlation coefficients (R2) of HONO and NO2 being ∼0.89 and ∼0.95, respectively; in addition, vehicle deployments were also tested to enable mobile measurements of HONO and NO2, demonstrating the promising potential of using IBBCEAS for in situ, sensitive, accurate and fast simultaneous measurements of HONO and NO2 in the future.

By using the femtosecond laser spectroscopic techniques, we have studied the ultrafast response and the nonlinear optical properties of three molecules with donor-acceptor structure (denoted as T01, T02, and T03). Two-photon absorption (2PA) cross sections measured by the open aperture Z-scan technique were determined to be 77, 90, and 410 GM for T01, T02, and T03, respectively. The relaxation dynamics of the excited states were measured by two-color femtosecond pump-probe and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) experiments. By changing the solvent from chloroform (CHCl3) to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the transient dynamics was found changed significantly and the decay time of PL emission decreased dramatically because DMSO with large dipole moment accelerates the cross-transfer process and the nonradiative process in the molecules.

An optical lattice clock based on 87 Sr is built at National Institute of Metrology (NIM) of China. The systematic frequency shifts of the clock are evaluated with a total uncertainty of 2.3×10 −16 . To measure its absolute frequency with respect to NIM's cesium fountain clock NIM5, the frequency of a flywheel H-maser of NIM5 is transferred to the Sr laboratory through a 50-km-long fiber. A fiber optical frequency comb, phase-locked to the reference frequency of this H-maser, is used for the optical frequency measurement. The absolute frequency of this Sr clock is measured to be 429228004229873.7(1.4) Hz.

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