Objective:Vibrio spp., particularly, Vibrio cholerae is a major etiology of diarrhea in humans worldwide. In this study, we isolated and identified V. cholerae from the human stool of suspected cases along with antibiogram.Materials and Methods:In total, 25 stool samples from cholera suspected patients were analyzed. Isolation and molecular detection of Vibrio species were performed based on staining, motility, cultural and biochemical characteristics followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using groEL gene-specific primers.Results:Among the 25 samples, seven showed growth of yellow color colonies on Thiosulfate-Citrate-Bile salts-Sucrose agar plates. The isolates were Gram-negative, curved shaped, and motile. Biochemically, they were found positive for indole and Methyl Red tests and negative for Voges–Proskauer test. Out of the seven positive samples, only three isolates were confirmed as Vibrio spp. using genus-specific primers. Subsequently, these three isolates were confirmed as V. cholerae by PCR using V. cholerae groEL gene-specific primers. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed these three isolates as highly sensitive to azithromycin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and norfloxacillin while resistant to streptomycin, tetracycline, and oxacillin.Conclusion:Vibrio cholerae were isolated from the stool of diarrheic human patients and confirmed by PCR targeting the groEL gene. The isolates were found resistant to streptomycin, tetracycline and oxacillin, and need further characterization to reveal the molecular basis of their origin and resistance.

Many of the Vibrio spp. are major public health concerns globally. Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus are the etiology of pandemic and epidemic diarrhea and foodborne illness, respectively. Poultry has the potential to harbor pathogenic Vibrio spp., which can have a detrimental impact on public health if they are transmitted to humans. We, therefore, screened 54 cloacal swab samples from healthy chickens (broiler=27, backyard= 27) to detect V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus. Vibrio spp. were isolated and identified by culturing, biochemical tests, PCR, and antibiogram profiles were determined by disk diffusion method. By PCR, 29.63% (16/54; 95% CI: 19.14-42.83%) samples were positive for Vibrio spp., where backyard chickens had a significantly higher (p< 0.05) occurrence (44.44%; 27.59-62.69%) than broilers (14.82%; 95% CI: 5.92-32.48%). V. parahaemolyticus was found in 22.22% (6/27; 95% CI: 10.61-40.76%) of backyard chicken samples, which was significantly dominant (p< 0.05) than in broilers (0/27, 0%, 95% CI: 0.00-12.46%). In addition, V. cholerae was positive in 7.41% (2/27; 95% CI: 1.32-23.37%) of broiler, and 14.82% (4/27; 95% CI: 5.92-32.48%) of backyard chicken samples. The toxR gene was found in all V. cholerae isolates, suggesting the presence of other virulence genes, whereas no isolates of V. parahaemolyticus contained the tdh gene. Isolated Vibrio spp. had high to moderate resistance to tetracycline, azithromycin, erythromycin, and streptomycin. The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus in broiler and backyard chickens is of public health concern because of the possibility of food chain contamination