A demand-driven revolution in livestock consumption and production is taking place in many developing countries, impacting on nutrition, health, the environment, and national and international agricultural marketing and research systems. This Livestock Revolution is most evident in China, India and Brazil because of the sheer size of these countries. While China and Brazil have a dominant role in meat production as part of this Livestock Revolution, the revolution will not be limited to China and Brazil, and extends beyond the meat market. The example of India is a case in point. The near doubling of aggregate milk consumption as food in India between the early 1980s and the late 1990s suggests that the Livestock Revolution goes beyond meat production and consumption. Now the critical question for economic managers and planners in countries such as India is no longer whether the Livestock Revolution is manifest in the country or not, but to what extent poor people and smallholders can play a significant part in this enterprise. This article charts the development of the Indian Livestock Revolution and assesses the potential impact of industrialization of livestock production on small farmers especially. It is argued that intensive livestock farming may not be appropriate for India on a number of grounds. There is a risk that the Livestock Revolution, similar to the Green Revolution, will polarize the inequality between rich and poor. Decisive action needs to be taken to ensure that the poor benefit from such developments, and some policy recommendations are made to address such concerns.

43Market and marketing has long been the focus of investigation by the experts who have qualitatively studied it where in general the producers have been the focus of attention. in other words, they have solely attempted to scrutinize and estimate the supply and demand function individually based upon which the price elasticity of factors and the responsiveness of producers and consumers to changes in price of factors and products have been determined and the impressibility and susceptibility of each group (producers and consumers) to market price have been pored over. in some cases, both demand and supply function have been systematically estimated and by solving the equations, the experts have determined the equilibrium price in the market. Moreover, in some studies the effects of the general policies and Abstract: As Sistan and Blouchistan province is one of the most important date producers in iran, an attempt is made to estimate the economic function of factors affecting the date marketing margin in the province. The data required in this research have been collected through the field survey and document analysis. The results of the estimation of marketing margin functions was obtained through utilizing of the combination of models including the Price increase Model, relative Price and Marketing Margin. The data analysis indicates that the farm-gate price and the harvest margin of dates are among the highly influential factors on the entire marketing margin. The retail-margin function is influenced by the retail price and the retailer cost and the wholesale margin function is affected by the wholesale price and the wholesaler cost. calculation of the market transparency determination criteria shows that due to the fact that the total of the farm-gate price and marketing costs are less than the retail sale, there is a lack of transparency in the studied marketing channels which in turn resulted in the declining market efficiency.Key words: date, marketing margin, wholesale, retailing, exporter Abstrakt: Provincie Sistan a Blouchistan je jednou z nejvýznamnějších oblastí produkce datlí v Íránu. Autoři se pokusili o odhad ekonomické funkce zahrnující faktory, jež ovlivňují marketing datlí v této provincii. Potřebné údaje byly získá-ny formou průzkumu a analýzy dokumentů. Výsledky odhadu funkcí marketingového marginu byly získány s použitím kombinace modelů zahrnujících Model růstu cen, Model relativní ceny a Model marketingového marginu. Analýza dat ukazuje, že mezi nejvýznamnější faktory ovlivňující marketingový margin patří cena na výstupu z farmy a produkční margin sklizně datlí. Funkce maloobchodního marginu je ovlivněna maloobchodní cenou a náklady v maloobchodu a funkce velkoobchodního marginu je ovlivněna velkoobchodní cenou a náklady ve velkoobchodu. Výpočet kritérií determinujících tržní transparentnost ukazuje, že vzhledem ke skutečnosti, že celkový souhrn ceny na výstupu z farmy a marketingových nákladů je nižší než tržby v maloobchodě, existuje ve studovaných marketingových kanálech nedostatečná tr...

The purpose of this research is to study any effects of managerial strategies on prevention of ketosis metabolic disorder in transition period in Shahroud commercial dairy farms. For this purpose, a questionnaire was prepared in order to obtain required information about the performance of these managerial strategies, performance costs, involvement situation with disorders relying upon clinical signs and treatment and health records, producing and economic situation, and fertility rate and its costs. The considered managerial guidelines include body condition score management or type evaluation in transition period, increase in dry matter intake close to parturition, using propylene glycol, using niacin, and high-quality feeding (the importance of feed quality) in transition period. Finally and upon arrangement of data, it was possible to study any effects of mentioned managerial strategies on related variants through multiple linear regressions. Furthermore, in order to study any relation among variables, we considered Pearson correlation coefficients as well. Finally, it was revealed that any application of managerial strategies for prevention from Ketosis in transition period has a significant effect in betterment of managerial and economic parameters.

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