Background: In December 2019, the new corona virus initially appeared in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to other nations around the world. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization believes that the new CoV-19 outbreak will be declared a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization. The mortality rate of this viral infection varies widely around the world, from 2% in Pakistan to 14.4% in Italy. In the early stages of the disease, lympopenia, raised transminase, proteinuria, increased LDH, and C-reactive protein levels are all common laboratory results. Patients treated with Covid have had severe pneumonia, ARDS, heart defects, sepsis and septic shock, and respiratory tract super infection, among other problems. Methodology: The Gynecology unit of the Saidu Group of Teaching Hospitals conducted this retrospective observational research study. Biochemical and radiological parameters of medical history, test findings, symptoms, pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes were noted in a pre-constructed data collection form. The study excluded patients who was treated in an outpatient setting. Results: There were a total of 121 patients, with a mean age of 27 and a standard deviation of 5, with a range of 19-40 years. Pregnant women reported their first pregnancy in 48.3% of cases (primigravida). 51.3 percent of SARS-Cov-2 patients were in their third trimester, whereas 34.7 percent were between 35 and 40 weeks of pregnancy. Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) (16 instances), hypothyroidism (14 cases), and gestational diabetes (GDM) (9 cases) are the most common problems. More than half of the patients (53%) are asymptomatic. Cough (22 percent) and fever (11 percent) are the most common symptoms (11 percent ). As seen in table 1, the incidence of multiple organ failure was 2%. Lympopenia was a prevalent ailment (84 percent ). Bilateral invasion was discovered in a CT scan of 24 subjects. Conclusion: According to our findings, COVID-19 has a deleterious impact on the foetus. Although pregnant women do not appear to be more susceptible to COVID-19 complications than non-pregnant adults, previous research has suggested that pregnant women may be more at risk for negative pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, foetal pain and respiration, symptoms, and LBW in a newborn baby. Keywords: Corona virus, COVID-19, pregnancy, outcome.

Background: Primary postpartum hemorrhage has a significant effect on maternal morbidity and mortality. Proper treatment andin time management of the patient have showed to decrease this morbidity and mortality a lot.Objective: The objective of our study is to find out the efficacy of balloon tamponade in the management of primarypostpartum hemorrhage.Material and Method: This study was conducted in Saidu group of teaching hospital, swat from 1st august 2018 to 31st July2019. All the patient with Primary postpartum hemorrhage were included in the study. All patients were first managed bymedical therapy and when the medial therapy failed then balloon catheter tamponade were introduced and patients werenoticed for stoppage of bleeding within few minutes.Result: Mean age was 27.04±5.42 years. 72 patients failed from medical therapy which was managed by condom tamponade.The response rate of condom tamponade in these 72 patient was 69 (95.83%) while 3 (4.17%) did not respond. There was nosignificant effect of age, gravida on the response rate of Balloon tamponade.Conclusion: The response rate to Balloon Catheter tamponade is high in patient with Primary postpartum hemorrhage due touterine atony. It should be tried before preceding to other Surgical management like Be-lynch, uterine artery ligation orhysterectomy in cases of medical therapy failure.Key Words: primary postpartum hemorrhage, Medical Management, Condom catheter, Response rate.

Objectives: To compare the effect of blunt and sharp incision of uterus at cesarean section on intra-operative haemorrhage. Methods: This trial was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pakistan Ordinance Factory Hospital, Wah Cantt from 14th January to 13th July 2012. Total 80 women planned for lower segment cesarean section through Pfannensteil incision were randomized to either blunt uterine incision (Group-A, n=40) or sharp uterine incision (Group-B, n=40). The fall in Haemoglobin and HCT was compared in two groups and analyzed with help of SPSS version 10. Results: Both groups were similar in terms of demographic features like age, parity, gestational age and indication for cesarean section. The participants in Group-A reveled significantly less drop of mean Hb concentration as compared to Group-B (1.47±1.08 and 1.95±0.85 respectively, P value 0.031). Similarly, the fall in mean HCT was significantly less in Group-A in comparison to Group-B (3.21±1.3 and 4.21±2.17 respectively, P-value 0.015) Conclusion: Blunt expansion of uterine incision during caesarean section is associated with less fall in Haemoglobin and HCT as compared to sharp expansion. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4159 How to cite this:Faiza, Sadaf F, Ameena B, Khan NR. Comparison of intra operative hemorrhage by blunt and sharp expansion of uterine incision at cesarean section. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4159 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.