This paper will discuss HRDs future in BRICS countries, focusing on an 11-point agenda specially designed for them. These nations are building a consortium to tackle HRD issues and enhance their quality of life by addressing issues such as health, safety, inadequate income, widespread hunger, gender inequality, environmental degradation, virulent diseases, and lack of technological expertise. They intend to promote BRICS and build global partnerships for long-term development and sustainability. This paper will also discuss BRICS strategic HRD practices that are rapidly achieving their objectives. The BRICS have been investing in knowledge-based projects for many years as they believe that growth requires a knowledge economy. This paper will focus on the BRICS nurturing of intellectual capital and evaluates the trend in BRICS HRD practices as they follow their knowledge-based 11-point agenda.

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The main purpose of this paper is to highlight the unprecedented growth of Islamic banking and finance in West with focus on United Kingdom. It captures the advancement of Islamic banking and finance in U.K over time It is observed that origin of Islamic finance in the UK can be traced back to early 1980s, however, real significant development was not made until the last decade of 20th century. The factors contributed to recent success of Islamic finance in UK include unprecedented Government support, fastest growing Muslim population, 9/11 factor, petro dollar wealth of Middle East etc. The future of Islamic finance in UK seems bright thought not without serious challenges. The potential size of industry suggests that Islamic finance will continue to be a darling of West for a long time to come

The paper investigates the possibility and spread of creative accounting (CA) related practices in the emerging financial system based on Islamic ideology and economics principles. Analytical methodology has been adopted in order to answer the research questions with a view to improving clarity of concepts. At the doctrinal level, there is little likelihood for practices associated with creative accounting as Islamic finance forbids use of misleading information in business transactions. At the operational level, however, factors like adoption of conventional accounting standards, use of income smoothing practices, and the flexibility in subjective interpretation of scripture based laws (Sharia) open up possibilities for the new financial system to be permeated by creative accounting practices. Islamic finance can be plagued by the pernicious effects of CA practices, therefore, any complacency on the part of advocates of Islamic finance can be misplaced. If practices like creative accounting continue to prevail in Islamic financial system, it will negatively affect the image of Islamic finance as an ethical, just, equitable and fair system. The authors have made a contribution by drawing attention of the research community to the neglected but important issue of creative accounting by critically analysing it and arraying the doctrinal view against the operational view.

The purpose of the paper is to describe vascular filling patterns in corneal neovascularization (CoNV) and evaluate the effect of corneal lesion location, CoNV surface area and multi-quadrant CoNV involvement on the filling pattern. It is a retrospective study of patients who were investigated for CoNV using fluorescein angiography (FA) or indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) between January 2010 and July 2020. Angiography images were graded and analyzed multiple independent corneal specialists. The corneal surface was divided into four quadrants and patient information was obtained through electronic records. A total of 133 eyes were analyzed. Corneal lesions were located on the peripheral (72%) or central (28%) cornea. Central lesions were associated with multi-quadrant CoNV more frequently than peripheral lesions (p = 0.15). CoNV located within the same quadrant of the corneal lesion was often first to fill (88.4%). In multi-quadrant CoNV, the physiological inferior–superior–nasal–temporal order of filling was usually respected (61.7%). Central lesions resulted in larger CoNV surface area than peripheral lesions (p = 0.09). In multi-quadrant CoNV, the largest area of neovascularization was also the first to fill in (peripheral lesion 74%, central lesion 65%). Fillings patterns in healthy corneas have previously been reported. Despite CoNV development, these patterns are usually respected. Several factors that may influence filling patterns have been identified, including corneal lesion location, CoNV surface area and aetiology of CoNV. Understanding filling patterns of neovascularization allows for the identification of areas at higher risk of developing CoNV, aiding in earlier detection and intervention of CoNV.