T he ter m “h ist o ry of li ter a tu re” its el f we see th e his tor ica l devel op ment of a literature, the literary progression of a nation, and beyond, to other levels up to the world literature. Despite the barriers and directions of ideologically dictated interpretations, Albanian literature moves on and develops, i.e. stands out an d grows outside the claimed frames. Along with its development, numerous valuable studies of the process of drafting a new history of literature are also underway. Literature is in permanent communication with texts of history. In this way, history and literature help each other. The Albanian language was a language spoken in the territory of the old Christian state Albany or Albania that was situated in the territory of modern Azerbaijan and was known already before the adoption of Christianity. The Albanian historical and literary tradition began to take shape in the 5th century and was further developing during the 5th – 13th centuries. The paper presents that the formation of Albanian literature in the Albanian language was an objective¬ historical necessity.

No abstract

The paper presents experimental data on the separation, identification and isolation of anti-coagulant components of the venom of the honey bee Apis mellifera Caucasica, harvested from apiaries from the ecologically clean zone of Azerbaijan. The protein components of zootoxin with molecular masses 41kD and 20kD, 15kD, corresponding to hyaluronidase and phospholipase was isolated from honey bee venom by the method of gel chromatography on a column with Sephadex G-750 eluting with 0.4M sodium phosphate buffer, followed by spectrophotometric measurement of the unit optical density of the fractions at λ=280nm on a Hitachi-557 spectrophotometer.

T HIS article analyzes the parasitological situation of Cryptosporidiosis in sheep in Azerbaijan now. Fecal isolates of the studied animals were collected in private farms of the Absheron and Shamakhi districts. Fecal isolates were examined at the Laboratory of Biochemistry of Host Parasite Relations of the Institute of Zoology of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan. Total 120 sheep were examined for cryptosporidium infection. Experiments were carried out in January 2021 to November 2021. Cryptosporidium oocysts detected thin fecal smears were fixed with methyl blue and stained with Carbol-Fuchsin according to Ziehl-Neelsen. Based on research among 120 clinically suspected sheep were examined only 29 (24.2%) had infection -Cryptosporidium sp. In the present study, prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in relation to season dynamics were also studies. Revealed that prevalence of Cryptosporidium sp. in sheep in Absheron and Shamakhi districts is much higher in autumn (45.7%), spring (20%), and in winter -16.6 % than summer season (8%).