A BSTRACT Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease where most of the patients usually need polytherapy. This could affect their medication adherence (MA). However, other complex factors may also associate with MA, which are important to identify. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the MA of patients with T2DM who received polytherapy and to identify other factors that can affect the MA. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in seven community health centers in Jakarta with HbA 1C representing their MA level. Poor controlled blood glucose with Hemoglobin A 1C (HbA 1C ) of ≥7% is indicated to have low MA. All characteristics were collected to identify factors that are potentially associated with low MA. The univariate analysis tests were used to analyze factors that potentially associate with low MA. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed in the factors to find their relationship with low MA. Results: The study obtained 143 patients with a female dominance (67.8%) and mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of 59.53 ± 9.251 years. Approximately 75.5% of the patients had low MA (HbA 1C ≥ 7). Univariate analysis found that duration of T2DM significantly ( P = 0.047) related to MA, where patients with T2DM of less than or equal to 5 years tended to have low MA. Logistic regression showed that patients with T2DM less than or equal to 5 years ( P = 0.015, odds ratio = 1.206, 95% confidence interval = 1.216–8.014) were associated with low MA. Conclusion: Patients with the duration of T2DM less than or equal to 5 years surprisingly were susceptible to have low MA. Low MA was not affected by polytherapy.

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Penemuan senyawa antimikroba baru merupakan hal yang menarik untuk terus dikembangan, hal ini disebabkan meningkatnya resistensi antimikroba secara global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis senyawa baru yaitu vanilil para hidroksibenzoat (vanilil p-hidroksibenzoat) yang diharapkan memiliki aktivitas antimikroba. Penelitian diawali dengan mensintesis vanilil p-hidroksibenzoat melalui reaksi reduksi dan esterifikasi. Senyawa vanillin direduksi terlebih dahulu menjadi vanilil alkohol untuk meminimalisasi halangan sterik pada reaksi esterifikasi. Senyawa hasil reduksi dilanjutkan reaksi esterifikasi menggunakan metode Steglich dengan asam para hidroksibenzoat. Senyawa yang dihasilkan dianalisis dengan menggunakan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), spektroskopi MS, dan spektroskopi NMR. Senyawa ester yang terbentuk mempunyai titik leleh dari yaitu 152-154 oC dengan rendemen 55,90%. Hasil elusidasi struktur dengan FTIR dan spektrum 1H-NMR menunjukkan kesesuaian dengan senyawa yang diinginkan yaitu vanilil p- hidroksibenzoat. Daya antimikroba senyawa vanilil p-hidroksibenzoat terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus pada konsentrasi 200 dan 400 ppm termasuk kategori lemah. Sedangkan pada konsentrasi 600 ppm dikategorikan sedang. Uji aktivitas terhadap Pseudomonas aeroginosa pada konsentrasi 200 dan 400 ppm termasuk kategori sedang dan pada konsentrasi 600 ppm dikategorikan kuat. Senyawa hasil sintesis tidak memiliki aktivitas sebagai antijamur.