An alluvial river system is a dynamic system that can alter the hydraulic flow and sediment load. Sediment modelling can enhance our understanding of river morphology. This model has also proved to be a useful tool to overcome problems concerning sediment transport and sedimentation and to provide effective mitigation measures. This article discussed the concept of sediment modelling. The sediment transport simulation method used sediment river hydraulic – two dimension (SRH-2D), which is a hydraulic model for river systems developed by United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR). The SRH-2D results showed that the Krueng Baro River underwent many sedimentations, and the increase in the height of the layers was observed during the simulation period. It examined the main categories of sediment transport models and presented the boundaries. Besides, this study also considered the constraints on the operation of Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (Indonesian regional water utility company) (PDAM) and irrigation intakes because of the sedimentation in the Krueng Baro River flow, taking into account the structure of the Keumala weir. Specifically, this study thoroughly discussed the position and altitude of river aggradation and degradation to minimise conflict of interest between the PDAM and irrigation water supply because of sedimentation.

Bendung Kumala dibangun di Sungai Krueng Baro yang merupakan salah satu sungai strategis di Provinsi Aceh untuk mengairi lahan irigasi dan air minum bagi masyarakat di hilirnya, namun sungai ini memiliki permasalahan yang cukup besar sehubungan dengan jalurnya yang panjang dan melewati berbagai formasi geologis. Kondisi ini menyebabkan konsentrasi sedimen yang tinggi pada sungai. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisisis hidrodinamika sungai dengan menggunakan aplikasi HEC-RAS 5.0. Hasil penelitian memberikan informasi bahwa kapasitas aliran sedimen transport sepanjang dasar sungai bervariasi secara langsung dengan adanya perbedaan antara tegangan geser pada sedimen dasar dan tegangan geser kritis yang diizinkan untuk partikel yang bergerak. Semua sampel sedimen pada hulu dan hilir Bendung Keumala terjadi angkutan sedimen. Pengurangan aliran akibat adanya pembendungan menyebabkan perubahan pada saluran dan rezim alirannya, dan pengurangan pelepasan air telah menyebabkan terjadinya pengurangan angkutan sedimen melayang dan sedimen dasar ke arah hilir. Total sedimen yang terdapat di sekitar areal bendung pada saat debit normal sebesar 6.325.698,93 ton/tahun. Sedimentasi di sekitar bendung menjadi masalah yang serius karena dapat mempengaruhi fungsi dan kinerja bendung dan saluran irigasi. Selain itu pendangkalan akibat sedimentasi menyebabkan tertutupnya intake PDAM Keumala. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, perlu dilakukan pengerukan dan pengangkutan sedimen dari dasar bendung secara berkala. Pengerukan dan pengangkutan sedimen akan meningkatkan kinerja Bendung Keumala untuk mengairi Daerah Irigasi Krueng Baro. Kapasitas pengaliran intake bendung dapat tetap terjaga untuk mengairi lahan irigasi sesuai dengan areal rencana.

Pandrah Weir, built-in 1987, serves the Pandrah Technical Irrigation Area in Bireuen District, Aceh Province, with an area of 1.203 Ha. Its old infrastructure has experienced various damage that can decrease the irrigation system performance. The Pandrah irrigation system's previous performance assessment by both the MASSCOTE approach and Rapid Appraisal Procedure (RAP) evaluation suggested a service level of 3.05 (useful classification). This study assessed the effect of the variables on the Pandrah irrigation system's performance with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) operated by the AMOS program. The four leading indicators were irrigation service, Water User Farmers Association (P3A), operator Human Resources (H.R.), and irrigation operation modernization. The refinement of irrigation system performance analysis using SEM showed that results of the four irrigation system performance indicators, namely: 0.082 (p=0.768), 0.090 (p=0.273), 0.419 (p=0.287), and 0.606 (p=0.039) for irrigation service, P3A indicator, irrigation operation modernization, and H.R. respectively. Based on the evaluation of the four indicators of irrigation system performance, it is concluded that the Pandrah irrigation system's performance is good. This performance assessment provides a clear picture of irrigation water services, H.R., P3A being an initial assessment for priorities, planning, and scheduling to start modernization programs for irrigation system operations. Irrigation modernization aims to facilitate the operation and maintenance by improving the irrigation system. This modernization means that irrigation planning, irrigation operation, maintenance, and monitoring systems have been carefully calculated before proposing a new irrigation network. The success of monitoring activities requires the use of information technology.

Krueng Baro Irrigation network is a strategic technical irrigation area in Pidie, Aceh, Indonesia. The primary water source is the Krueng Baro River flow using the infrastructure of Keumala Weir in which sedimentation is currently a significant problem in its operations. To prevent the sediment from entering the irrigation channel is to settle it in the settling basin. However, the primary irrigation channel with the stone masonry walls kept experiencing high sedimentation. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of the Keumala Weir settling basin including its capacity and efficiency. This study used a survey method for data collection and an evaluation method following the current guidelines for data analysis. The sediment sampling was conducted in the settling basin and the primary channel. The flushing was currently carried out for seven days. However, the settling basin capacity of 2,436.75 m3 did not meet the flushing requirements. Thus, the flushing should be performed daily for a volume of 1,859.43 m3 to fulfill the condition, so that the capacity of the settling basin was controlled. The efficiency of sediment settling was 75%, and the effect of water turbulence was in a safe condition, that the sediment settled in a settling basin would not be eroded when it is empty or full. For the flushing efficiency, the shear stress was 15,538 N/m2 that can rinse less than 16 mm particles. Based on this evaluation, it can be concluded that the sediments in the primary channel were from the settling basin. It is suggested to limit the speed in the regulating building to approximately 1.5 m/s to reduce the sediments entering the primary channel. It also requires accuracy in the operation of the primary channel intake.