Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women worldwide and it is the second cause of cancer death after lung cancer. There have been many efforts in producing various pharmaceuticals for breast cancer treatment and among them Nanopharmaceutical Sciences have been extremely of high importance. All the drugs used to treat a cancer were usually shown unpleasant side effects. Chlorambucil is an older antineoplastic (anticancer) drug that is an alkylating agent with many known side effects for the patients. Recent findings have shown that the uptake of polyamine compounds such as amino acids (e.g. Methionine) in cancer cells is mostly increased. In this study a molecular antineoplastic conjugate, Chlorambucil-Methionine was developed and evaluated on the breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. For evaluation MTT assay, apoptosis assay and necrosis assay were employed but the mechanism of cell death or toxicity comparison were investigated by apoptosis-necrosis assay or abnormal toxicity test. Chlorambucil-Methionine as a targeted antineoplastic conjugate has shown higher antineoplastic properties and had not shown abnormal toxicity. The conjugate showed very good anticancer effects same as Chlorambucil but it had less toxicity in comparison with Chlorambucil. Apoptosis was the mechanism for most cell death in this study. Based on the results Chlorambucil-Methionine conjugate may be a better option than Chlorambucil alone for the treatment of breast cancer. Further study is recommended to confirm these findings in clinical practice.

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Agro-morphological characters in 34 populations of Iranian Trifolium resupinatum L. germplasm, were investigated. 24 traits for each accession were evaluated according to white clover and forage legume descriptors.  Data were analyzed by SPSS and Excel softwares. Statistical tendency parameters for agro-morphological characters were calculated.  A cluster analysis based on morphological traits separate populations in two different groups that in one cluster there was an only accession belongs to Kurdestan locality.  Factor analysis have shown that 61/24% of collection variations were expressed by six factors. Leaflet shape, calyx trichome, the length of leaflet and inflorescence diameter were the most important morphological characters and the weight of 1000 seeds, number of days until to flowering were significant agricultural traits. . Based on these results, it seems that variation in germplasms is independent to geographical distribution. This research showed that there is a high biodiversity for this species in Iran due to the diverse environmental conditions, so that be useful for breeding programs and marketing.

Cancer is one of the most fatal diseases in the world and it has been years that finding new drugs and chemotherapeutic techniques with lowest side effects become one of the most important challenging matters needs really hard efforts. Chlorambucil (CBL), an ancient direct-acting alkylating anticancer agent, is commonly used for initial treatment of some kinds of cancers but the use of CBL is often limited because of the unpleasant side effects due to its lack of specificity for targeting cancer cells. In this research we tried to increase the specificity of CBL by producing a novel conjugate by using glutamine amino acid (Glut). Based on previous studies, poly amines and nitrogen compounds noticeably are used by cancer cells increasingly; therefore we decided to increase the efficiency and specificity of CBL by designing and producing a novel anti cancer conjugate using glutamine amino acid as an uptake enhancer, CBL, and Adipic acid Dihydrazide (ADH) as a spacer and linker. The biological tests were carried out on HT29 colorectal cancer cell line to evaluate its anticancer properties. Biological tests like MTT assay, finding IC50, evaluating the induced mechanism of the death of our novel CBL-Glutamine conjugate on HT29 cells, testing abnormal toxicity of this conjugate on mice in comparison with CBL drug were careid out. We found that not only CBL-Glutamine conjugate preserved its anti cancer property with regard to CBL drug, but also it represent lower abnormal toxicity in mice. Apoptosis was detected as its mechanism of the death. Our present study provides a promising strategy for targeting cancer cells using amino acids nano-conjugate drugs. The future perspectives have also been highlighted in continuing similar and relative researches.