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Background and Objective: IUD is a safe, effective, and reversible method throughout the world, particularly in areas where population growth is too much. One of the main barriers to use IUD is the fear and pain of its insertion. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to reduce the pain, and this study was conducted to investigate the effect of EMLA cream and ibuprofen on pain during IUD insertion. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial study was conducted on 120 women who admitted to Imam Javad health center in Zahedan in 2015-2016 for insertion of IUD. Women who admitted to this center were randomly assigned into 3 groups of EMLA group (n = 40), ibuprofen (n = 40), and control or placebo (n = 40). These women have no problem to insert IUD. Demographic data and pain level were recorded in a questionnaire based on Johnson's Visual analog scale of pain at 3 stages of IUD insertion, and all IUDs were inserted by a midwife and then data were analyzed by SPSS software. Findings: The results of this research show that the lowest level of pain severity at three stages of insertion related to the EMLA cream (P < 0.01), while the maximum level of pain in the 3 groups related to Tenaculum. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that, compared to ibuprofen and placebo, EMLA cream is a safe method in reducing pain caused by IUD insertion in all stages of IUD insertion.

Background: Traumatic birth experiences may lead to serious psychological impairment. Recent studies show that a considerable number of women can develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on PTSD in pregnant women with a history of traumatic childbirth. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 80 pregnant women with a history of traumatic childbirth, referring to health centers in Zahedan in 2020. The mothers were selected by a convenience sampling method and divided into two groups (40 mothers in each group) according to the random allocation method. The data were collected using the PTSD questionnaire administered before the intervention and five weeks after the final training session. The intervention group received four sessions of CBT during four weeks, and the control group received only routine pregnancy care. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 22 software using the independent t-test, chi-square test, and paired sample t-test at a significant level of < 0.05. Results: The results of the study showed that the mean post-traumatic stress score of pregnant women before CBT in the intervention and control groups was 27.90 ± 10.91 and 24.97 ± 14.85, respectively, and it changed to 15.25 ± 4.08 and 26.25 ± 11.56, respectively, after the intervention. Independent t-test showed that the mean scores of post-traumatic stress of pregnant women in the two groups were not significant before education (P = 0.31), but it was significant after it (P = 0.0001). Conclusions: CBT can have significant effects on reducing the severity of PTSD in pregnant women with a history of traumatic childbirth. Thus, it is recommended to include this type of educational intervention in the care program of pregnant women with a history of traumatic childbirth.

Background: Pregnancy care and screening programs are very important, especially in high-risk pregnancies. However, few interventional studies have addressed mental and sexual health in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Objectives: The present study aimed to examine the effect of a sexual health promotion training program on sexual function of pregnant women with GDM referring to comprehensive health centers in Zahedan, Iran, in 2020. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 80 pregnant women with GDM (gestational age: 24 - 30 weeks). The participants were selected using multi-stage sampling method and randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. The participants in the intervention group received sexual health promotion training in four sessions (60 - 90 minutes) two sessions per week. The participants in the control group received routine care. The demographic information questionnaire was completed by the participants at the beginning of the study, and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was administered before and four weeks after the completion of the sexual health promotion training program. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using independent samples t-test, paired samples t-test, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and chi-square test. Results: The results showed a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups in all subscales of sexual function (P < 0.05). Moreover, the results of ANCOVA for the total sexual function score showed that the women in the intervention group had significantly higher levels of sexual function (22.89 ± 3.24) compared to the women in the control group (16.78 ± 3.16) (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Given the positive and significant effect of sexual health promotion training on the sexual function of pregnant women with GDM, it is recommended to integrate this training program in prenatal care of these vulnerable women.