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Background: The efficient removal of toxic inhibitors from pretreated lignocellulose biomass is crucially important for consequent cellulosic ethanol fermentation. A. resinae ZN1 biodetoxifies all toxic inhibitors at the neutral pH of 4-6, and the neutralization of acid catalyst in the pretreated lignocellulose is required. However, aqueous alkaline solutions such as sodium hydroxide solution and calcium hydroxide slurry are used which generate several difficulties. Results: In this study, a dry biodetoxification method was investigated using dry calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) powder as an acid-neutralizing reagent to avoid the use of an aqueous alkaline solution. Dry biodetoxification provides a mild and stable pH without the generation of phenolic compounds. The acid pretreated and dry biodetoxified wheat straw was used as the feedstock of ethanol fermentation and the same performance with the wet biodetoxification using aqueous Ca(OH) 2 slurry. The 72 g/L or 9.1% (v/v) of ethanol produced from wheat straw was very close to that of ethanol from corn starch. Conclusions: Dry biodetoxification provided a practical method to simplify the process of conventional wet biodetoxification to reduce the time, cost and labor.

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An experiment was laid out to determine the response of different organic and inorganic fertilizers on alfalfa yield under different types of irrigation water. First factor comprised of two treatments as chemical fertilizer (NP 58-88 kh ha-1), Organic fertilizer as poultry manure (5 tonnes ha-1) and the other factor was comprised of three treatments as tube well water, Canal water and Treated wastewater. The results indicated that fertilizer's application significantly affected the parameters. Chemical fertilizers significantly effect on plant height (50.23 cm), number of stems per m-2 (647.67) and nitrogen percentage (0.05%). Irrigation levels had a significant effect on parameters especially canal water performed better. Plant height (49.79 cm), crop growth rate (2.37g m2 day-1) and nitrogen percentage (0.05%) these parameters were observed as better for canal water. A combination of chemical fertilizer with tube well water performed better as the maximum results were seemed for parameters of the leaf to stem ratio (0.99), root length (14.58 cm), pH (8.15), nitrogen percentage (0.05%) and organic matter content (0.85). The better performance of soil for Lucerne crop was observed in chemical fertilizer than in FYM and poultry manure. The positive effect of canal water and chemical fertilizers on available moisture in the soil was estimated. All treatment means were compared using the least significant difference (LSD) test at a 5% probability level. During the experiment period, significantly higher crop yield was obtained in canal water and chemical fertilizer. The study concluded that the canal water and chemical fertilizer boosted crop yield and growth, improved Lucerne's quality content.