A field experiment was conducted at Lemu-bilbilo wereda, Arsi Zone, Ethiopia, from June to December 2017/18 cropping season, with the aim of evaluating the optimal level of fertilizers for maximal production of food barley varieties on two farmer's site. Four levels fertilizer (RNP (100 kg/ha urea + 150 kg/ha DAP) (73N, 69 P 2 O 5 ), 150%RNP, 200%RNP and RNPS (100 kg/ha) (19 N 38 P 2 O 5 + 7S) and three food barley varieties (HB42, HB1307 and EH1493) were tested in Randomized complete Block Design replicate three times. The main effects of fertilizer rate on spike length, grain per spike and biomass yield showed significant (P < 0.05) variation. The use of 200%RNP resulted in highest (8.6 cm) spike length, (49.8) grain per spike and (7149.2 kg ha -1 ) biomass yield. The interaction effect of fertilizer level and food barley varieties showed significant (P < 0.01) variation on grain yield, hectolitre weight and thousand kernel weight. The highest (3345.8 kg ha -1 ) grain yield was obtained from the combination of HB1307 food barley variety with 200%RNP fertilizer level, followed (2964.5 kg ha -1 ) grain yield was recorded fromHB1307 variety at fertilization of 150%RNP, while the lowest (1860 kg ha -1 ) grain yield was recorded from HB42 variety at a RNP fertilizer level. Likewise the highest (60.5 gm) thousand kernel weight and (71.6 kg hL -1 ) hectolitre weight was recorded from HB42 food barley variety fertilized with RNP and from variety EH1493 with 200%RNP fertilizer respectively. Therefor the most cost-effective variety and fertilizer level for farmers with low cost of production and higher benefits were identified to be the variety HB1307 at the fertilizer level of 150%RNP as first option for the study area and similar agro ecological conditions.

A field experiment was conducted at Arsi Zone, Oromia regional stat during the main cropping season (June- December) 2017/18, with the objective of evaluating the response of different fertilizer level on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties by identifying the most cost effective variety and fertilizer level. Three fertilizer levels (RNP, 150% RNP and RNPS) and three faba bean varieties (Degaga, Gora and Moti) were tested in a randomized complete block design with three replicated. The mean value of fertilizer levels showed that significant difference (P<0.05) was observed on plant height, number pods per plant and biomass yield, while number of seeds per pod, biomass yield and harvest index was not significantly affected (p>0.05) by fertilizer level. The use of 150% RNP fertilizer level resulted relatively higher plant height (154.1 cm), number of pods per plant (23.2) and biomass yield (14718 kg ha-1). Higher number of seeds per plant (3.07), harvest index (52.55) and plant height (151.7cm) was recorded for Degaga variety. There was interaction (p<0.01) between fertilizer level and faba bean varieties on grain yield with a production of 4230 kg ha-1 under 150% RNP fertilizer levels and Degaga variety. The most benefits and cost effective outcome for farmers also obtained from this combination. There for a combination of 150% RNP fertilizer level with Degaga variety can be recommended at first option, while RNP and RNPS fertilizer level at a second and third option respectively for the production of faba bean in the study area and similar agro ecologies.

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