Social interaction has a crucial role in human well-being, both mentally and physically. 1 Human social isolation (SI) happens when the social relationship between individuals become deficient. 2 Moreover, it mostly occurs when the number of individuals, who are members of social links, decrease, or the qualification of social relations, diminishes. During SI, people experience unpleasant situations mentally, emotionally, and spiritually. 3,4 Some conditions force individuals to leave human groups and reduce their socia9l interactions, presence in the population, and group activities. Being single, getting a divorce and separation may also result in isolation. 2,5 Further, weak connections and lack of social support have shown to be significant risk factors of isolation, which result in loneliness, stress, and committing suicide. 6,7 Meanwhile, some infectious diseases such as COVID-19, AIDS and some physical disorders have shown to develop SI in humans. 8,9 Also, some studies have confirmed impairment in sensory processing is significantly correlated with depression.Extreme sensory processing patterns make humans feel hopeless and depressed. 10,11 As previous scientific research has described the association between vision disabilities and hearing problems with isolation and reduced human relation. 12 Loneliness is considered as a risk factor for many psychiatric disorders such as adjustment disorder, chronic stress, insomnia and also late-life dementia 9 which may be long lasting. 13 Adverse effects on cognition and behaviour, decision-making, and pain perception are followed by social isolation. 14,15 SI has shown to change the immune system, glutamate system, and hormones. [15][16][17] Besides, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, stroke, and developmental neurodegenerative diseases have occurred during SI. 15 It has been

Objective: During the COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine and staying at home is advised. The social relationship between people has become deficient, and human social isolation (SI) has become the consequence of this situation. It was shown that SI has made changes in hippocampal neuroplasticity, which will lead to poor cognitive function and behavioral abnormalities. There is a connection between SI, learning, and memory impairments. In addition, anxiety-like behavior and increased aggressive mood in long-term isolation have been revealed during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: Term searches was done in Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and PubMed databases as well as hand searching in key resource journals from 1979–2020. Results: Studies have shown that some drug administrations may positively affect or even prevent social isolation consequences in animal models. These drug treatments have included opioid drugs, anti-depressants, Antioxidants, and herbal medications. In addition to drug interventions, there are non-drug treatments that include an enriched environment, regular exercise, and music. Conclusion: This manuscript aims to review improved cognitive impairments induced by SI during COVID-19.