No abstract

Testes are the male sex mammalian organs that are involved in the production of spermatozoa and sex hormones. During fertilisation, the healthy spermatozoa could fertilise the egg to form a zygote. Besides, Testosterone (Tes) is secreted by Leydig cells, promotes secondary sexual characteristics and preserves proper testicular function (Guazzone et al., 2009). Production of healthy spermatozoa along with testosterone secretion is all possible in the presence of healthy testes with no pathological changes such as inflammation or orchitis. Testicular torsion (TT) is one of the most common pathological conditions in males. During this process, the testicle rotates around the axis of the spermatic cord and compresses the testicular artery leading to reduced blood flow to the sensitive testicular tissue and orchitis. The specialised tissue structure of the testis is sensitive to

The sexual system in men includes the testicles, seminal vesicles, and penis. The most important part of this system is the testicles, which produce sperm and the hormone testosterone. The testicles are located inside the sac and are protected by different layers. The structure of the testicles consists of the intricate tubes that make up sperm. The intermediate layers of the seminiferous tubules are