Background:The 12-Item General Health (GHQ-12) questionnaire is one of the most commonly used instruments in screening studies on mental health.Objectives:The current study aimed to examine the factor structure of the GHQ-12 questionnaire among the students in Iran.Materials and Methods:It was a cross-sectional study in which 428 university students were recruited and completed the GHQ-12. Reliability of the GHQ-12 was evaluated using the Cronbach's alpha and the split-half method by applying the Spearman-Brown coefficient. Factor structure of the questionnaire was extracted by exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to assess how well the EFA extracted model fitted the observed data.Results:The mean age of the participants was 22.83 years (SD = 3.09). Most of them were female (56.1%) and 81% were unemployed. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the Iranian version of GHQ-12 was 0.85. Using the split-half method, the alpha for the social dysfunction was found to be 0.77; it was 0.76 for the psychological distress. The principal component analysis revealed a two-factor structure for the questionnaire including social dysfunction and psychological distress that explained 48% of the observed variances. The confirmatory factor analysis was showed fit for the data.Conclusions:The current study findings confirm that the Iranian version of GHQ-12 has a good factor structure and is a reliable and valid instrument to measure psychological distress and social dysfunction.

Introduction: The spread of Corona virus outbreak has changed peoples lifestyles, and due to the nature of unlimited Internet usage in this era, the perception of time has also been changed and has caused a kind of procrastination in university students. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between internet addiction and metaphorical perception of time with students procrastination during the Corona virus outbreak. Method: The method of this study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all students in Tehran and Mashhad during the outbreak of Corona virus in 2021. To do this, 250 students were voluntarily asked via Instagram to complete Time Perception Metaphorical Questionnaire of Raiisi and Moghadasin (2020), Young Internet Addiction Questionnaire (1996) and Tuckman Procrastination Scale (1991). The statistical method was Pearson correlation and multivariate regression analysis. Data were then analyzed by using SPSS-22. Results: The results indicated that Internet addiction and metaphorical perception of time during Corona virus outbreak are related to the level of students procrastination at this time (P<0.05). Also, internet addiction and metaphorical perception of time can predict 17.8% and 14.6% of procrastination, respectively. Conclusion: To conclude, it can be said that the rate of students procrastination is predictable based on internet addiction and metaphorical understanding of time during the outbreak of the Corona virus. It is suggested that researchers pay more attention to cognitive factors such as metaphorical perception of time and behavioral factors such as internet addiction in their studies on procrastination in this period.

Introduction: Internet addiction among university students is affected by various psychological factors that include social skills and mental security. Aim:The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between students' social skills and psychological security with internet addiction and also to predict internet addiction based on social skills and psychological security of Payam-Noor University students. Method:The method of this study was descriptive-correlational. The population was all Payam-Noor university students in Tehran who were students in 2019. The sample of this study included 250 university students who were selected through random cluster sampling. In addition to demographic questionnaire, Young internet addiction questionnaire (1996), Matson social skills questionnaire (1983) & Maslow mental security (2004) were used. Descriptive statistics indices (mean and standard deviation) and multivariate regression analysis were used for data analysis by SPSS-22 software. Results:The results indicated that there was a significant relationship between internet addiction with social skills & mental security among university students (P<0.05). Moreover, 8.7% of the variance in internet addiction was explained by social skills & 2.3% of the variance in internet addiction was explained by mental security. Conclusion:To conclude, it seems that the level of social skills and high psychological security has a positive and significant relationship with the reduction of internet addiction and it can predict reduction of internet addiction.

Introduction: Emotional intelligence and social skills are two intertwined concepts as each person's level of social skills requires emotional intelligence and emotional intelligence also emerges through social skills. Aim:The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between adolescents' social skills and their parents' emotional intelligence and to predict the social skills of these adolescents based on their parents' emotional intelligence among adolescents in Tehran. Method:The method of this study was descriptive-correlational. The study population consisted of all Tehranian adolescents )13 -17) whose parents were alive. The sample of this study included 150 adolescents (with their parents) in Tehran who were selected through random cluster sampling. In addition to demographic questionnaire, Inderbitzen and Foster's (1992) adolescents' social skills questionnaire and Goleman's (2001) emotional intelligence questionnaire were used. Descriptive statistics indices (mean and standard deviation) and multivariate regression analysis were used for data analysis by SPSS-22 software. Results:The results showed that there is a significant relationship between adolescent's social skills and their parents' emotional intelligence (Sig=0.05). Moreover, 14.4% of the variance in adolescent social skills was explained by parents' emotional intelligence. More precisely, according to data regression analysis, 3.9% of variance in adolescent social skills was estimated by maternal emotional intelligence and 0.5% of variance by father emotional intelligence. Conclusion:To conclude, it seems that high parental emotional intelligence has a positive and significant relationship with increasing adolescent social skills.