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Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant drug used in organ transplants or for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. It has a narrow therapeutic index indicating that there is not a large difference between the therapeutic and amounts associated with adverse effects; so, dosage individualization by measuring the cyclosporine is necessary for desirable clinical outcomes. We implemented and validated a simple, sensitive, and selective method using spectrophotometry to determine cyclosporine levels in human plasma as well as in drug formulation. Cyclosporine was determined with minimal pretreatment from biological complex samples. This method was validated in terms of linearity, selectivity, accuracy, precision, and recovery. The method is linear in the range of 0.17-0.85 μM with correlation coefficient values of 0.99 for plasma samples. The precision and the accuracy values were lower than 15% according to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guideline. This method was successfully applied to find out cyclosporine concentration in two patients following oral administration as well as in drug formulation for quality control aims.[a] Dr.

In this work, a new ionic liquid (IL) with two acidic and vinylic functional groups based on 1,2,3benzotriazolium cation was synthesized. This IL monomer was intercalated into the montmorillonite (MMT) layers by the ion exchange reaction and subsequently copolymerized with the IL monomer and methacrylic acid in order to obtain positive charge pH-sensitive nanocomposites. The structure of the IL monomer was characterized by FT-IR and 1 H-NMR spectroscopy, and the structure of the nanocomposites was studied and confirmed by the FT-IR, XRD, TGA, SEM, and EDX data. These pH-sensitive nanocarriers were used to load and in vitro release of the anticancer drug, methotrexate (MTX) in pH = 4 and pH = 7.4. The results showed that the release is pH dependent and more effective in acidic pH; therefore, these nanocarriers have potential to be used for cancer therapy.

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