Background: Depression and anxiety are among the most common mental disorders before and after surgery. Aromatherapy is a treatment that has grown substantially in recent years in comparison with other complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) to relieve anxiety. Objectives: This study investigated the effect of inhaling lavender essence on the physiological and psychological status of patients who are candidates for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed on 60 patients who were undergoing CABG surgery at the hospitals of Artesh Jomhory Eslami (AJA) University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Patients who met specific inclusion criteria were selected and randomly allocated into two groups: a control group that inhaled room air and an experimental group that inhaled from a piece of cotton impregnated with two drops of lavender essence. This intervention was done on the morning of surgery. To evaluate these measures, a Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) questionnaire was filled out by the patient before and after the intervention. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics. Results: After the intervention, the study results showed statistically significant differences between the two study groups in heart rate (mean = 78.83, P = 0.02) and anxiety level (mean = 6.63, P = 0.02). However, the differences between the two groups were not significant regarding stress level (mean = 8.63, P = 0.55) and other physiological variables. Conclusions: Inhalation aromatherapy is an effective method for reducing the heart rate and the level of anxiety in patients before CABG surgery. Given that the physiological and psychological health of patients are important responsibilities for nurses, aromatherapy can be considered a safe and effective relaxation method before invasive interventions. Learning this method is recommended for students and nurses.

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Background: Emergency personnel are frequently exposed to high-risk physical and psychological factors that lead to increased occupational stress. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aromatherapy with rosa damascena essential oil on nurses' occupational stress in the emergency department. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted among sixty nurses in the trauma center of Besat Hospital, Tehran. The participants were selected by the convenience sampling method, and then randomly assigned to the aromatherapy with essential oil of Rosa damascena and control groups. Intervention in the experimental and control groups consisted of inhalation cotton swabs impregnated with two drops of essential oil of 40% Rosa damascena (Gole Mohammadi) and cotton soaked with two drops of distilled water as a placebo for 2 minutes, respectively. Nurses' stress level was assessed by the Nursing Stress Scale before and after the intervention. To analyze the data, independent t-test, paired t-test, and ANCOVA were performed in SPSS, version 22. Results:The mean age of the nurses was 29.07 ± 5.495 years, and the majority of them had a bachelor's degree. The results of this study showed that stress scores in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group after the intervention (p<0.0001). The effect size was -1.5, which was large and desirable. Nurses' occupational stress scores in the experimental group diminished significantly after the intervention (p=0.012). Conclusion:It is recommended to use complementary therapies such as aromatherapy with rose essential oil to reduce occupational stress in nurses. Further studies with larger sample sizes and in other occupational groups are recommended.

Nasturtium officinale contains high amounts of phytochemical compounds that work against oxidative damages leading to improved health conditions in animals as well as humans. The study was performed to investigate the health benefits of nonencapsulated and nanoliposome-encapsulated phenolic rich fractions obtained from Nasturtium officinale on mice induced colorectal cancer. The experiment focused on encapsulation efficiency in improving the effectiveness of plant bioactive compounds. Phenolic rich fractions (PRF) were successfully loaded in the nanoliposome structure, a nanometer in size, of spherical shape and with homogeneous dispersion. Induction of colorectal cancer in mice impaired weight gain and feed intake, liver function and structural characteristics of ileum, while the dietary administration of nanoliposome-encapsulated PRF regulated the expression of Caspase 3, Bax, Bcl2, iNOS and SOD genes in the tumor tissue. The addition of nonencapsulated PRF and nanoliposome encapsulated PRF at the concentration of 100 mg TPC/kg BW/day improved the genes expression, although the nanoliposome-encapsulated PRF revealed better health outcomes compared to nonencapsulated PRF. Furthermore, both PRF improved intestinal morphology when the mice were challenged with colorectal cancer. The higher health promoting activity of nanoliposome-encapsulated PRF could be associated with its enhanced intestinal absorption, bioavailability, bioaccessibility and bioactivity. Consequently, the nanoliposome-encapsulated PRF could be considered as a promising anticancer agent against colorectal cancer.

Introduction: Since nursing is recognized as a stressful job, stresses caused by stressors in this profession can lead to diseases and disorders that seriously endanger the health of nurses. This study aims to help reduce nurses' job stress by using SIT (Stress Inoculation Training), one of the methods for stress reduction and management. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Stress InoculationTraining on nurses' job stress. Materials and Methods: The present study is a quasi-experimental done on two groups (intervention and control group) with pretest and posttest intervention. The sample of the study consisted of 50 nurses working in two hospitals of 550 Army and Najai Hospital of Mashhad who met the inclusion criteria selected through random sampling. The tools used in the present study included Taft and Anderson (1981) Job Stress Questionnaire (version 57) of French et al. (2000) questionnaire to measure stress. In this study, five 2-hour training sessions were performed using SPSS 16 for data analysis. (P<0.05) Results:The level of initial stress in nurses was at a moderate level before the intervention and both groups were homogeneous (P=0.063). After stress inoculation training, the stress level of nurses in the intervention group decreased from 76% to 60% but statistically, the difference between the two groups was not significant and P <0.05 was considered a significant level. Discussion and Conclusion:The results of the present study are not consistent with those of studies on occupational stress because they were conducted based on specific discipline prevailing in military hospitals.