INTRODUCTION:Diabetic osteopenia is the sixth classic complication of Diabetes mellitus. High glucose level is capable of triggering increased oxidative stress which induce osteoblast apoptosis. Quercetin, a powerful natural antioxidant, can protect many organs against oxidative damage, including bone. OBJECTIVES: The present study is designed to investigate the effect of quercetin administration on the alveolar bone in rats with induced diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four adult male rats were divided into three equal groups (8 rats each) as follows: Group I: Control group, Group II: diabetic group (with no treatment), Group III: quercetin treated group (induction of diabetes with oral administration of quercetin dose 100mg/ kg/ day for 12 weeks). Diabetes was induced in group II and group III by a single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (STZ). After 12 weeks all rats were sacrificed and the mandibles were dissected out and prepared for histological analysis using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDX). RESULTS: In diabetic group, there was significant increase in blood sugar level. Bone surface revealed irregular surface with multiple resorptive pits. Moreover, there was significant decrease in calcium level and increase in phosphorous level while in quercetin group. Both blood sugar level and alveolar bone surface relatively returned back to normal. Also there was slight decrease in calcium and increase in phosphorous in comparison to control group. CONCLUSIONS: Quercetin exerts protective effects on STZ-induced oxidative stress in diabetic rats restoring the architecture of bone.

INTRODUCTION: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been studied in many fields of dentistry due to its reparative and anti-inflammatory effect. Regarding the orthodontic tooth movement, LLLT accelerates tooth movement, reduces the pain, enhances bone remodeling and reduces the orthodontic inflammatory induced root resorption (OIIRR). OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to assess histologically and histomorphometrically the effect of LLLT on OIIRR under heavy orthodontic force magnitude (50 g) in rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen male Albino rats weighing from (250-300 g) were randomly assigned to two equal groups (8 rats each). Control heavy-force group (CH): the maxillary right first molars were subjected to orthodontic force of 50 g by placement of a coil spring. Laser high-force group (LH): the maxillary right first molars were subjected to orthodontic force of 50 g + LLLT at four points (two buccal and two palatal), 12 seconds per point, with a GaAlAs diode laser source irradiated with the dose of 4.8 J/cm2 (100 mW, 12 s, 0.6 J) on every other day during force application. The rats were sacrificed after 21 days of orthodontic force application. After sacrificing the rats; the maxillae were hemisected and serial sections of the area of maxillary right first molar were obtained and evaluated histologically and histomorphometrically. RESULTS: Root resorption was significantly decreased (p=0.001) in laser group (L) in comparison to the control group (C). In contrast, root resorption was the largest and deepest up to the dentin in the control group. Moreover, odontoclasts were observed especially in the C group indicating still active root resorption activities. In addition, increased blood vasculature and formation of reparative cementum layer covering the resorption lacunae were observed in the Laser group. CONCLUSIONS: LLLT seems promising in preventing or reducing orthodontic root resorption, in addition to accelerating and enhancing the healing and repair of OIIRR.

INTRODUCTION: Molar-incisor hypomineralization is a developmental enamel defect affecting first permanent molars and incisors. The intake of antibiotics during pregnancy and early childhood has been associated with molar incisor hypomineralization. OBJECTIVES: Was to determine the effect of amoxicillin on the secretory a stage of amelogenesis histologically and histomorphometrically. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen pregnant rats were randomly assigned to two groups that received physiological solution (control group), 250 mg/kg/day amoxicillin (study group). Directly after birth, fourteen pups representing each group received the same treatment with dose equivalent to their body weight then they were euthanized at day 7 birth. The ameloblasts of developing molars were examined histologically and histomorphometrically. RESULTS: In day 7 after birth, the ameloblasts in control group revealed normal features of amelogenesis while in study group, numerous vacuolar like structures were seen in between secretory ameloblasts. CONCLUSIONS: Amoxicillin disrupts the normal structure of enamel and impairs the secretion of enamel matrix

Omega-3&6 fatty acids and their derivatives are so essential to a child's development. A well-nourished nursing mother provides her infant with a perfect blend of essential fatty acids flaxseeds and their long-chained derivatives, assuring the body tissues a rich supply. Several factors affecting eruption dates ranging from root development, nutrition, chronic diseases, rich tissue vascularity and hormonal influences have been implicated in this process. Gestational diabetes can have severe adverse effects on fetal and neonatal developmental outcomes. The present study provide the first evidence on the effect of flaxseeds as a source of omega 3 & 6 on offsprings' tooth development with compromised pregnancy.