The OSDI is a standardized instrument to evaluate symptoms, and can easily be performed and used to support the diagnosis of dry eye syndrome.

Objectives: To evaluate dry eye symptoms and clinical tear film alterations in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Materials and methods: Thirty-five non-diabetic CRF patients undergoing hemodialysis, and 31 healthy individuals were enrolled. An ocular surface disease index questionnaire (OSDI) was administered, and after a complete ocular examination, Schirmer and tear break-up time (TBUT) tests were performed. Results: OSDI scores were significantly higher (p50.01) and TBUT tests were significantly lower (p ¼ 0.01) in CRF patients than in the control group. Schirmer test results were also lower in the CRF patients group, but lacked statistical significance (p ¼ 0.20). Conclusion: Patients with CRF should be advised to obtain an ophthalmic examination, especially for dry eye.

Corneal thickness may significantly decrease during 1 minute of drying. Decreased thickness may result in underestimation of applanated pressure as well as central corneal thickness.

CCT was significantly thinner in eyes with PES compared with control eyes; however, difference between the PEG and control eyes was insignificant. In addition, mean K readings were not different in study and control eyes. Thinner CCT in eyes with PES, both as it is an independent risk factor and as a result of artificially lower intraocular pressure readings, may be an illuminating cause for development and rapid progression of glaucoma in the patients with PES.

PurposeTo compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements obtained with the rebound tonometry (RT), dynamic contour tonometry (DCT) and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) in keratoconic corneas and to investigate the effects of central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal radius of curvature (CR) on IOP measurements.MethodsSixty-three eyes of 63 keratoconus patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. IOP was measured on each subject always in the same order, ICare RT-Pascal DCT-GAT, after a minimum interval of 10 min between measurements. CCT and CR were measured using a rotating Scheimpflug camera before the IOP measurements in all subjects. One way repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was used for the statistical assessment.ResultsMean IOP for all enrolled eyes was 11.72 ± 2.59 mm Hg for GAT, 9.34 ± 3.29 mm Hg for RT, and 15.42 ± 3.31 mm Hg for DCT. There were statistically significant differences among the three tonometers; GAT and RT (P < 0.001), GAT and DCT (P < 0.001), and RT and DCT (P < 0.001). GAT and RT were significantly positively correlated with CCT (r = 0.288, P = 0.025 and r = 0.483, P < 0.001, respectively). RT was also significantly positively correlated with CR (r = 0.550, P < 0.001). DCT was not significantly correlated with CCT (r = 0.115, P = 0.377) nor CR (r = −0.179, P = 0.168).ConclusionsDCT has overestimated but RT has underestimated IOP readings according to GAT measurements in keratoconic corneas. DCT may be the most appropriate tonometer to use in keratoconus for the measurements of IOP, because DCT do not appear to be dependent upon CCT and CR.