Cardiovascular disease is the most deadly disease in the world and the main cause is atherosclerosis. New paradigm explains that chronic inflammation such as periodontitis is considered to be a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Periodontitis causes bacteremia affecting vascular inflammation. This situation affects the endothelial cells and lipid oxidation thereby increasing the risk of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to prove the effect of periodontitis on coronary atherosclerotic lesion formation. Methods: This was an experimental study using the post-test only control group design. Samples were 12 rats divided into control group (K) without treatment and periodontitis (P) was made with the installation of wire ligature and injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis on the left mandibular M1 for 28 days. On day 29, mice were decaputated, coronary artery was taken and histological slides were made. Histomorphometrical analysis was calculated on dungkul (descriptive) and the thickness of the arterial wall (with test statistic T test). Results: The results showed higher formation of arterial dungkul on Periodontitis group (83.33%) than the control group (16.67%). Arterial wall was also thicker periodontitis group (2.22±0.35µm) (p<0.05) than the control group (1.28±0.20µm). Conclusion: Periodontitis can independently affect the coronary atherosclerotic lesion formation. ABSTRAKAnalisis histomorfometrik pembentukan lesi aterosklerosis koroner pada model tikus (Rattus novergicus) periodontitis. Penyakit kardiovaskuler perupakan penyakit paling mematikan di dunia dan penyebab utamanya adalah aterosklerosis. Paradigma baru menjelaskan bahwa inflamasi kronis seperti periodontitis dipertimbangkan sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya aterosklerosis. Periodontitis menyebabkan bakteremia yang berpengaruh terhadap inflamasi vaskuler. Keadaan ini mempengaruhi sel endotel dan oksidasi lipid sehingga meningkatkan resiko aterosklerosis. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan pengaruh periodontitis terhadap pembentukan lesi aterosklerosis koroner. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen menggunakan the post test only control group design. 12 sampel tikus dibagi atas kelompok kontrol (K) tanpa perlakuan dan kelompok periodontitis (P) dibuat dengan pemasangan wire ligature dan injeksi Porphyromonas gingivalis pada M1 rahang bawah kiri selama 28 hari. Pada hari ke-29 tikus didekaputasi, arteri koroner diambil dan dibuat preparat histologi. Analisis histomorfomerik dilakukan pada morfologi dungkul (deskriptif) dan ketebalan dinding arteri (statistik dengan uji T test). Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terbentuknya dungkul arteri lebih banyak pada kelompok Periodontitis (83,33%) daripada kelompok Kontrol (16,67%). Dinding arteri kelompok periodontitis juga lebih tebal (2,22±0,35µm) secara signifikan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (1,28±0,20µm) (p<0,05). Simpulan: Periodontitis secara independen dapat mempengaruhi gambaran histomorfometrik pembentukan lesi aterosklerosis koroner.

In this study, the economics of the various way production of natural colorant has been evaluated, specifically related to the effect of the drying methods: spray drying and freeze-drying. It has been found in this study that, the manufacturing costs of the food colorant in the form of extract, spray-dried powder, and freeze-dried powder were USD 6.01/kg, USD 29.89/kg, and USD 56.6/kg total solid content, respectively. The economic parameters consist of NPV, DPBP, PVR, and IRR of powder production using spray drying method were USD 1,989,412.68, 4.3 years, 3.31 and 20.6%, respectively, while that of using freeze-drying were USD 2,156,866.29, 7.27 years 1.78, and 8%. It is also known that drying using spray drying shows better economic parameters than freeze-drying. The sensitivity analysis of powder production using the spray drying method shows that the selling price parameter is a parameter that has a significant effect on the economics of production activity, followed by the cost of peel and cost of labor.