Background: Early diagnosis of lower gastrointestinal (GI) diseases constitutes a challenge. While colonoscopy helps in the detection of these diseases; histopathological analysis of obtained biopsies is of greater importance. Aim: This study aimed at the identification of colonic lesions associated with common lower GI manifestations based on colonoscopy and histopathological examination of biopsies. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective cross-sectional study, we included medical records of 710 patients involving their personal, clinical, endoscopic, and pathological data. Included data were of patients who presented with lower GI manifestations, and underwent colonoscopy and biopsy taking in the period from January 2016 to June 2020. Results: The most found pathology was non-specific chronic colitis (NSCC) (59.7%), followed by malignancy 19.3%) then inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (15.6%), hyperplastic inflammatory polyp in 3.7%. Meanwhile, bilharzial colitis was diagnosed in 1.3% of patients. Significant predictors of both NSCC and malignancy were advanced age (<0.001), diabetes, hypertension, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody diarrhea. In addition, bleeding per rectum and weight loss were also found to be specific predictors in malignancy. The only predictors of IBD were abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea and weight loss. Conclusions: NSCC, malignancy, and IBD are the most common causes of lower GI manifestations. Moreover, clinical predictors of these diseases are useful in the early diagnosis and management of colonic lesions.

Background: HBV is a common major health problem in Egypt and world-wild with burden on national health care system. The association between HBV infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been reported over the past decade. However, the relationship between HBV infection and T2DM remains controversial. Aim: to study the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among hepatitis B patients in Suez, Egypt. Patients and Methods: the study included 216 HBV infected patients who attend for regular follow-up in the communicable disease research and training center-Suez city, Egypt. Medical information was collected from patients' medical record. Results: the prevalence of Diabetes among HBV patients was 20.4 %. About 29.6 % of HBV patients had liver cirrhosis, and 4.6% had HCC. The majority (54.54 %) of patients having both HBV and DM were males. Conclusion: DM is a common medical condition in patients with HBV.

Background: Dyspepsia is a common complain among people suffering from gastrointestinal diseases. Few researches investigated the underlying causes in detail. H. Pylori is considered a major finding in patients with dyspepsia and diagnosed with gastrointestinal diseases. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the pattern of Endoscopic Esophageal lesion in Relation to H. Pylori infection and histopathological features of esophageal and gastric mucosal biopsies in dyspeptic patients eligible for upper GIT Endoscopy. Patients and Methods: all the patients presented with dyspeptic symptoms and were eligible for upper GIT endoscopy during the period from January 2016 to January 2019were included (n=60). Using endoscopy, gastric biopsies were taken for H. Pylori examination and esophageal lesions biopsies were taken for histopathological examination (n=120 specimens). Results: the prevalence of H. pylori among patients with dyspepsia was 81.7%. The most common endoscopic esophageal pattern with H. pylori was erythema and abnormal vascular pattern (67.3%). Reflux esophagitis was the most common Histopathological finding in H. Pylori positive patients (57.1%). Chronic non-specific esophagitis was higher in H. Pylori negative (9.1%) compared with H. Pylori positive (8.2%). Adenocarcinoma was found in 16.3% of H. Pylori positive patients, however, squamous cell carcinoma was more in H. Pylori negative (27.3%) than H. Pylori positive (6.1%). Conclusion: The majority of patient with dyspepsia has H. Pylori infection. Risk factors for malignant esophageal lesions are old age, male gender, smoking and H. pylori infection

Background: Egypt is considered one of the highly endemic countries with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection. Since we are moving into the HCV-free era, it is necessary to acknowledge the most common methods of HCV transmission. Intrafamilial transmission is one important method that hugely contributed to that endemicity. Aim: Our aim is to identify the prevalence of intrafamilial transmission of HCV among household contacts of chronic HCV patients, risk factors, and methods of transmission. Subjects and Methods: In this study, we recruited 807 Household members of 228 chronic HCV patients. Eligible participants were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, and blood testing for HCV antibodies and PCR. Results: We found that HCV infection was more prevalent among older age groups; married; who live in rural residence; and having high crowding index. Among relatives with HCV, parents were the most affected, followed by siblings, then husbands or wives. The longer the duration of contact, the higher the risk of infection. The incidence of HCV infection was significantly higher among patients who did the following activities: Sharing shaving machine and sugar measurement device with HCVinfected family members, sharing towels with family members, and Handshaking/kissing HCVinfected relatives. Conclusions: Intrafamilial transmission of HCV is an undeniable risk factor, which amplified the burden of HCV. Recognition of remarkable modes of intrafamilial transmission would facilitate suppression of infectivity, as a result achieving the ambition of an HCV-free Egypt.