Contributions et démarche de l'ergonomie dans les processus de conception Ergonomic contributions and approach in the design process Contribuciones y enfoque de la ergonomía en los procesos de concepción
The discussion developed in this paper is based on the results of an ergonom ic w ork analysis carried out with attendants at call centers. Some critical issues and difficulties, like w o rkin g pace, inadequate tools and w orkstations, and softw are inadequacies were detected in w orking situations. O perator-custom er interactions are presented, attem pting to put in evidence w orking constraints, w o rking conditions, and their connection w ith health problems.The m ain con clu sio n is that serving clients, especially when the job is to provide inform ation, is not a simple task, as inform ation is not always available in the com puterized system and is com pletely fragmented. The scope o f w orkers' actions is very restricted and com plicated and recurrent requests are redirected to others. W orkers (individually or as groups) have limited possibilities to make adjustm ents to be able to give more adequate and personalized treatm ent to clients and, at the same time, to w ork in a less stressful environm ent. In periods of increased w orkload and w ork intensification, the situation is very m uch favo ra ble to the incidence of health disorders, such as w o rk related m usculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) and others. Some suggestions to im prove the w ork situ atio n are discussed.call centers ergonom ic w o rk analysis w o rk related m usculoskeletal disorders taylorism com puterized systemsCorrespondence and requests for reprints should be sent to Laerte Idal Sznelwar,
La discussion sur la genèse des troubles musculo-squelettiques est, en partie, basée sur la question du mouvement, de la vitesse, de la force et de la répétitivité. A partir de différentes études portant sur les TMS concernant des situations de travail dans le tertiaire, nous proposons une discussion basée sur l’idée de l’empêchement. L’analyse est centrée sur l’effort pour ne pas bouger, l’effort pour ne pas penser, l’effort pour ne pas sentir, compte tenu des aspects de l’organisation du travail et du contenu de la tâche qui sont de véritables empêchements pour le sujet.
Este artigo apresenta uma discussão relativa a aspectos significativos do trabalho em centrais de atendimento estudadas sob o ponto de vista da ergonomia e da psicodinâmica do trabalho. A discussão se apóia nos estudos realizados em empresas situadas nas cidades de São Paulo e Brasília entre meados dos anos 1990 e início dos anos 2000. As centrais de atendimento em questão se dedicam sobretudo a atividades financeiras (cartões de crédito, bancos), serviço público e telefonia (celular e fixa). Os resultados apontam para a importância de se modificar os paradigmas que norteiam o projeto do trabalho dos atendentes visando reverter os processos de sofrimento e adoecimento no trabalho. Além disso, eles sugerem novos paradigmas nos quais o trabalho é considerado como uma ferramenta de desenvolvimento profissional. Portanto, um meio para a realização pessoal dos atendentes e também para atingir objetivos de produtividade e qualidade compatíveis com o desenvolvimento humano e das organizações.
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