ObjectiveTo examine the association between obese-years and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).Study designProspective cohort study.SettingBoston, USA.Participants5036 participants of the Framingham Heart Study were examined.MethodsObese-years was calculated by multiplying for each participant the number of body mass index (BMI) units above 29 kg/m2 by the number of years lived at that BMI during approximately 50 years of follow-up. The association between obese-years and CVD was analysed using time-dependent Cox regression adjusted for potential confounders and compared with other models using the Akaike information criterion (AIC). The lowest AIC indicated better fit.Primary outcomeCVD.ResultsThe median cumulative obese-years was 24 (range 2–556 obese-years). During 138 918 person-years of follow-up, 2753 (55%) participants were diagnosed with CVD. The incidence rates and adjusted HR (AHR) for CVD increased with an increase in the number of obese-years. AHR for the categories 1–24.9, 25–49.9, 50–74.9 and ≥75 obese-years were, respectively, 1.31 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.48), 1.37 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.65), 1.62 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.99) and 1.80 (95% CI 1.54 to 2.10) compared with those who were never obese (ie, had zero obese-years). The effect of obese-years was stronger in males than females. For every 10 unit increase in obese-years, the AHR of CVD increased by 6% (95% CI 4% to 8%) for males and 3% (95% CI 2% to 4%) for females. The AIC was lowest for the model containing obese-years compared with models containing either the level of BMI or the duration of obesity alone.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that obese-years metric conceptually captures the cumulative damage of obesity on body systems, and is found to provide slightly more precise estimation of the risk of CVD than the level or duration of obesity alone.

BackgroundWe have recently demonstrated that an obese-years construct is a better predictor of the risk of diabetes than the severity of body weight alone. However, these risk estimates were derived from a population cohort study initiated in 1948 that might not apply to the current population.ObjectiveTo validate an obese-years construct in estimating the risk of type-2 diabetes in a more contemporary cohort study.DesignA total of 5,132 participants of the Framingham Offspring Study, initiated in 1972, were followed up for 45 years. Body mass index (BMI) above 29 kg/m2 was multiplied by the number of years lived with obesity at that BMI to define the number of obese-years. Time-dependent Cox regression was used to explore the association.ResultsThe risk of type-2 diabetes increased significantly with increase in obese-years. Adjusted hazard ratios increased by 6% (95% CI: 5–7%) per additional 10 points of obese-years. This ratio was observed to be similar in both men and women, but was 4% higher in current smokers than in never/ex-smokers. The Akaike Information Criterion confirmed that the Cox regression model with the obese-years construct was a stronger predictor of the risk of diabetes than a model including either BMI or the duration of obesity alone.ConclusionsIn a contemporary cohort population, it was confirmed that the obese-years construct is strongly associated with an increased risk of type-2 diabetes. This suggests that both severity and the duration of obesity should be considered in future estimations of the burden of disease associated with obesity.

The purpose of this study is to determine the analysis of factors related to gross motor development in toddlers in the Meureudu Health Center Working Area, Meureudu District, Pidie Jaya Regency in 2022. This research is descriptive analytic with a cross-sectional research design. Data collection is carried out by distributing questionnaires. The population in this study was all toddlers as many as 99 people and a sample of 99 toddlers with a sampling technique, namely Total Sampling. The data analysis used is univariate and bivariate with the statistical test used, namely the Chi-Square test. The results showed that there is a relationship between gross motor development and maternal knowledge (p value 0.002), there is a relationship between gross motor development of parenting (p value 0.001), there is a relationship between gross motor development and nutritional status (p value 0.002), there is a relationship between gross motor development and birth weight (p value 0.007) and there is a relationship between gross motor development and a history of breastfeeding (p value 0.002) gross motor development. It is hoped that toddler mothers will increase knowledge and motivation by digging up information about gross motor development from various sources such as from health workers and books, so that mothers can supervise gross motor development.

To improve the nutritional quality of individuals and communities through improving consumption patterns, it could be obtained by the achievement of household nutrition indicators in Kecamatan Mila Kabupaten Pidie. The intensity of households consuming iodized salt has decreased by year in 2017 (51%), 2018 (44%), and 2019 (31%). This condition resulted in 10 person having disorders due to iodine deficiency, 9 of them suffering goiter and 1 person suffering thyroid disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the use of iodized salt by housewives in Kecamatan Mila, Kabupaten Pidie in 2020. This study used a cross-sectional analysis method. The result showed that based on univariate analysis family knowledge and support were the most related variables with the use of iodized salt, while the health education variable (1.00) has no significant relationship with the use of iodized salt (p-value = 0.00).