Vitamin D comes in two forms: ergocalciferol (D2) and cholecalciferol (D3). This study aimed to assess mothers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward vitamin D deficiency among children. We collected data using a self-administered online questionnaire to gather information about the characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and reported practices of 800 Saudi Arabian mothers regarding vitamin D deficiency. The mean age of participants was 31.2±4.76, and 8% had a university education. When it came to household income, the majority (90.1%) reported that they had enough money. Participants who attended training courses, employed mothers, total practice, and total attitude had a significant favorable effect on knowledge, with a p-value of less than 0.01. Employed mothers, training course attendees, total practice, and overall attitude had a significant favorable effect on mothers' practice, with a p-value of less than 0.01**. More than half of the mothers who participated in the study had an inadequate level of understanding. Less than two-thirds of those surveyed noted the deficient practice. Two-thirds of the moms who participated in the study had a negative attitude toward vitamin D deficiency. There was a strong positive correlation between total knowledge, total attitude, and total practice-related vitamin D deficiency.

Background: The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health emergency and universal hazard. Governments have ordered all people to spend all their time at home and imposed school closures as an emergency measure. In such situations, physical and mental health problems are significant concerns. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate leisure time, physical activity, and psychological well-being among adolescents during COVID-19. Study design: A cross-sectional research design. Setting: The study was conducted in Dakahalia Governorate, Egypt. Sample: The study involved a convenience sample of 1200 adolescents through a validated self-administered online questionnaire. Tools: It included four parts; Part I: Characteristics of studied adolescents, Part II: leisure time questionnaire, Part III: Physical activity questionnaire, and Part IV: Psychological well-being scale.Results: 55.0% of the studied adolescents reported that relaxing activities were the type of activity that was practiced more habitually during leisure time. 59.80% of the studied adolescents had low physical activity. 64.9% of the studied adolescents had moderate psychological well-being. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between practicing the practical sport in leisure time and satisfaction with leisure time, physical activity, and psychological well-being among adolescents during COVID-19. Conclusion: The results from this study concluded that the studied adolescents do low physical activity without any satisfaction about leisure time which is reflected in their psychological well-being during COVID-19. Recommendations: Future research should replicate these analyses in a non-pandemic situation. It must focus on testing the longitudinal associations reported here in non-pandemic circumstances.

Background: Enteroscopy is an important diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. In children, adequate bowel preparation is mandatory for imaging and surgery, but tolerability as well as efficacy must be considered. As a result, good bowel preparation before to such procedures is a critical element in the diagnosis, monitoring, and lowering the risk of probable contamination. Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the importance, efficacy, and safety of care bundles (CBs) in bowel preparation for pediatric enteroscopy. Methods: Between July 2019 and December 2019, Mansoura University Children Hospital enrolled children who underwent electronic enteroscopic surgery in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) under conventional nursing (CN), and between January 2020 and June 2020, children who had the surgery were enrolled under the care bundle trial (CG). All children in both previously mentioned groups were lavaged with a polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution to prepare their bowels (PEG-ELS). The CBs included education for nurses, risk assessment for inadequate bowel preparation, education for children and families, and observation and assessment during preparation. We compared the two groups' satisfaction with hospitalization, comfort and safety, family anxiety levels, and quality of bowel preparation. Results: This study enrolled a total of 83 children, 44 in the CB group and 39 in the CN group. The CB group outperformed the CN group in terms of bowel preparation quality [(8.35±6.86) vs. (4.34±02.75) at P<0.001]. Furthermore, the CB group's anxiety score was substantially lower than the CN group's (3.28±0.85 vs. 5.45±1.78 respectively at P>0.001. Conclusions: The use of care bundles in the bowel preparation of children undergoing enteroscopy had a favorable impact on the quality of preparation and satisfaction with hospitalization, as well as reducing the anxiety of patients and their families. Recommendation: Intensive training and educational programs about the evidence bowel preparation protocols should be considered for surgical nurses and all children and their parents undergoing such procedure as a standard of practice.

Background: Enteroscopy is an important diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. In children, adequate bowel preparation is mandatory for imaging and surgery, but tolerability as well as efficacy must be considered. As a result, good bowel preparation before to such procedures is a critical element in the diagnosis, monitoring, and lowering the risk of probable contamination. Aim:The purposes of this study were to assess the efficacy, and safety of care bundles (CBs) in bowel preparation for pediatric enteroscopy, also evaluate the patients' tolerance and safety regarding it, in addition to assess families' anxiety level, and their satisfaction with hospitalization. Methods: Between July 2019 and December 2019, Mansoura University Children Hospital enrolled children who underwent electronic enteroscopic surgery in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) under conventional nursing (CN), and between January 2020 and June 2020, children who had the surgery were enrolled under the care bundle trial (CG). This study enrolled a total of 83 children, 44 in the CB group and 39 in the CN group as well as included 80 nurses with 40 nurse in each group e. All children in both previously mentioned groups were lavaged with a polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution to prepare their bowels (PEG-ELS). The CBs included education for nurses, risk assessment for inadequate bowel preparation, education for children and families, and observation and assessment during preparation. We compared the two groups' satisfaction with hospitalization, comfort and safety, family anxiety levels, and quality of bowel preparation. Results: The CB group outperformed the CN group in terms of bowel preparation quality [(8.35±6.86) vs. (4.34±02.75) at P<0.001]. Furthermore, the CB group's anxiety score was substantially lower than the CN group's (3.28±0.85 vs. 5.45±1.78 respectively at P>0.001. Conclusions: The use of care bundles in the bowel preparation of children undergoing enteroscopy had a highly statistical significance on the quality of preparation and satisfaction with hospitalization, as well as reducing the anxiety of patients and their families. Recommendation: Intensive training and educational programs about the evidence bowel preparation protocols should be considered for surgical nurses and all children and their parents undergoing such procedure as a standard of practice.

Norovirus is recognized as a significant cause of gastroenteritis and is a major contributor to nonbacterial gastroenteritis in both industrialized and developing nations. In addition, after rotavirus, Norovirus is thought to be the second most common cause of severe pediatric gastroenteritis. Objective: To determine the effect of educational toolkit on pediatric nurses' knowledge and practices (KP) toward Noroviruses (NoV)among children. Method: 51 nurses working in the pediatrics departments at the Children's Hospital of Mansoura University (MUCH) in El-Mansoura Governorate, Egypt, and they were caring for children with acute gastroenteritis and were willing to participate in the study underwent a five-month quasi-experimental research design (pre-post intervention study). The study was conducted from the first of September2021 to the end of January 2022.Results:The post-implementation scores are significantly higher than the pre-implementation ones. 74.5 vs. 15.7for good sufficient knowledge, and 74.5% vs. 7.8 forgood satisfactory practice. The mean score of nurses' practice about Norovirus and its preventive measures was 27.48 ± 5.89. This mean improved to 41.37 ± 5.70 after the program implementation, with statistically significant differences at p < 0.001. Conclusion: It was concluded that, the educational toolkit had a positive effect on nurses' knowledge & practices as represented by a significant improvement in the post mean scores of knowledge and practice for nurses at the pediatric medical unit. Recommendations: Integrating Norovirus prevention measures and management into the routine nursing care and creating ongoing educational programs for nurses in response to their requirements/needs aiming to updating their knowledge and enhancing their care of pediatric patients who are infected with such viruses.