The main purpose of the study is to highlight the ideological representation of an Islamic state, Pakistan along with leadership mindset in the textbook. It is a discourse study of the prescribed English textbook used as a core teaching material at intermediate level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. The researcher has analyzed various extracts and taken different lessons from the textbook of English compulsory taught at second year in the intermediate level. The study has used the Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis as a tool for the analysis of the textbook. In this connection the researcher has used the three dimensional model as framework for the analysis of the textbook. After a detailed analysis of the various lessons in the textbook, the researcher has given findings and further recommendations at the end of the study. The findings show that the prescribed textbook taught at intermediate level represents the ideology of the state as well as Islamic ideology along with the leadership qualities for the students.

The present study throws light on language learning strategies, their effect on learning and instructors attitude in this respect .It defines that a learning strategy is a learners approach of understanding and employing particular skills in order to accomplish learning task efficiently. It also stresses that todays learner is smart enough to devise ways and methods to accelerate learning process. Learners use these techniques according to their needs and stage of learning. In parallel, it also explains that these techniques effect the behavior of instructor and his teaching methods as well. The researcher collected data from 110 participants of different schools, colleges and universities of Dera Ghazi (DG) Khan through questionnaire. This study shows that almost all the learners andteachers are inclined to use different learning techniques and improve their performance in this way. The researcher also identified strategies that are commonly used by learners and teachers to facilitate learning and teaching.

Purpose of the study: This research study was designed to analyze various social factors like population dynamics, institutional, land tenure, and gender other than the technological one that affects the production of sugarcane in farming communities. Methodology: The method of the study was qualitative, where the data was collected through FGDs. Two FGDs were conducted in two districts of the central valley of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan. Each FGD consisted of 10 participants. The data was analyzed through thematic analysis. Main Findings: The findings of the study revealed that sugarcane productivity is affected by sociological factors like technological ones. The poor socioeconomic status of the farmers, wasting resources in land disputes, frequent land division among heirs, a rapid increase of population growth, unplanned urbanization conversion of fertile agricultural land into the built environment, weakening the role of informal institutions like Jirga and farmers organizations, lack of access to agricultural institutions, the restricted role of women in farming and unfavourable attitude of farmers towards new agrarian technologies, all were the significant contributing factors that negatively influenced sugarcane productivity. Applications of this study: The findings of the study be used by the agricultural department, NGOs, and the government while taking into consideration the factors responsible for sugarcane productivity. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is novel that no study has yet conducted while considering sociological factors in sugarcane production in Pakistan. This research a unique in that provides a base for agricultural scientists to keep in mind social factors as well in agrarian production besides technological factors.

Purpose of the study: This study was designed to explore the socio-cultural impediments to females getting higher education in pakhtun society. Methodology: A cross-sectional quantitative research method was conducted in district Dir lower Pakistan. A well-structured interviewed schedule (encompassing all the study attributes) was used for primary data collection from 375 female respondents after the pre-test procedure. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and inferential statistics(x2 test) to ascertain the association between dependent (female higher education) and independent (sociocultural impediments) variables. Principal Findings: Based on the study results, a significant association (P=0.000) was found between the dependent variable and sociocultural attributes; the prevalence of patriarchal norms (P=0.00), preferences of early marriages (P=0.00), fear of sexual harassment (P=0.00), parents carelessness (P=0.00), Parda (veiling for women and protecting their honour) and lack of decision-making power (P=0.00) impedes women from getting their higher education. Applications of this study: Early marriage is a symbol of female exploitation under the man-made unwritten codes of conduct (Pukhtoonwali) which, should be banned through formal (legislation) and informal agencies (familial and religious) level; with a collaboration of educating female to ensure dethroning the partisan character in the form of patriarchal norms, which women faced since the dawn of the history. A slogan or any other campaign through mass media and print media is the order of the day. The government should ensure to play their role on macro and micro level to eliminate the negative stigmatization of women generally while in getting higher education particularly. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is an attempt to insight into the socio-cultural barriers to female attainment of higher education in pukhtun society through perceptional based study along with quantitative research designs to measure the association between the variables as mentioned above with an amalgamation of an addition to the existing stock of knowledge in the field of sociology of education.

Purpose of the study: The present study explores the social effects of cancer patients and their impacts on their quality of life (QoL). Methodology: A cross-sectional based study was conducted in district Dir lower from a cancer patient (n=155). A structured questionnaire technique was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were carried out for both variables, i.e. dependent variable (QoL) and independent variable (Social effects of cancer patients). Principal Findings: Among all 155 sampled respondents, 75.5% were male, having 42.6% had age group of 26-40 years, 79.9% were married, 47.1% were literate, and 32.3% were dependent on family members on economic terms. However, the perceptions of cancer patients with regards to social effects of Cancer majority 76.8% were proclaimed that social support decline cancer illness, 71% stated that religious doctrine gives spiritual healings, 70.3% dismantled that after cancer family supports us, 45.2% were reported that Cancer is a fatalistic disease, and 51.6% proclaimed that preference is given to male over a female concerning cancer disease respectively. Applications of this study: Cancer affects social life, especially domestic affairs; however, this study was not primarily identified cancer diagnoses parameters due to the cross-sectional and perception nature of the study. A longitudinal follow-up study is the order of the day to determine whether there is any link between sociological and Cancer contexts. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is an attempt to insight into the sociological exploration of cancer patients effects through perceptional based research methodology/ Likert Scale procedure along with quantitative research design to measure the association between the aforementioned variable above with an amalgamation of an addition in the field of medical sociology.