<p><em>This study aims to develop ETOPAPA-based mathematics teaching materials for elementary school students. Product trials were conducted using a pretest-posttest experiment group design. Data analysis techniques were carried out with item response analysis and t test. Validation test results on the feasibility of ETOPAPA-based mathematics teaching materials are in the very good category with a score of 4.45. Analysis of the effectiveness of ETOPAPA-based mathematics teaching materials was carried out on the experimental class (E) and control class (K). Based on calculations obtained E&gt;K, with an average N-gain score of 0.64. The score is included in the interpretation of the medium category (0.3≤ g ,7 0.7). Based on these calculations, the application of ETOPAPA-based mathematics teaching materials was declared effective. The results of the practicality test of ETOPAPA-based mathematics teaching materials are in the practical category with a positive response and 85.02% student response. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that, learning flatter material using ETOPAPA based mathematics teaching materials at SDN 128 Palembang is valid, effective, and practical.</em><em></em></p>

This study aims to describe the difficulties of PGSD students in student learning outcomes through qualitative-descriptive methods using data triangulation, namely documentation, interviews, and observation. In testing the ability of mathematical understanding, researchers used multiple choice test questions that were first tested for their level of validity and reliability. Then the results were obtained that only 15 of the 30 questions that could be used in the learning outcomes test of the basic social science concepts of PGSD students. In this study, students were divided into 3 levels of ability categories, namely high, medium, and low. The results obtained are questions that are categorized as "difficult" 15 students who can answer, while the questions that are categorized as "medium" students can already understand and answer the purpose of the problem and students can find out the basic concepts such as the history of the culture of the city of Palembang. The researcher interviewed and gave a little training on the culture of the city of Palembang, so that students could answer the questions given. The conclusion obtained is that 27% of students have high abilities, 43% of students have moderate abilities, and 27% of students have low abilities. The training of local cultural questions to students will help them in recognizing Palembang's cultural history.