Long Reach Passive Optical Networks (LR-PON) concept is offered as a cost-efficient solution to bring the fiber to the Home, Office, Curb, Building etc. (FTTX). It extends the reach and capacity of traditional PON from �20 km to � 100 km using the optical amplifiers. It merges the metro and access domains by reducing the number of central offices (CO). This approach reduces capital and operational expenditure by reducing number of components, along with the network power consumption and design complexity. Transmission-messages are exchanged between the optical-line terminals and optical network units before the actual data transmission. By extending the reach, these messages are delayed due to increased Round Trip Time (RTT) which degrades the performance of dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithms. Several schemes have been proposed to overcome such challenges. This paper presents a survey of different DBA schemes for Long Reach EPONs with their pros and cons. Comparative summary of these schemes is presented. We also discuss our proposed idea to enhance Quality of Service (QoS) with efficient DBA at the end of the paper.

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Defining the working points of optical amplifiers is a key factor when managing optical networks, particularly for the quality of transmission (QoT) of deployed connections. However, given the lack of knowledge of physical layer parameters, in many cases operators use these infrastructures suboptimally. In this work, a methodology is presented that optimizes the QoT of an optical line system (OLS) by setting the working points of the erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), by analysis of simulations that use synthetic data derived from experimental characterization of commercial devices. The procedure is divided into three phases: a physical layer characterization, a design process, and an iterative supervised learning approach. Within the first phase, a novel amplifier physical layer characterization is used, exploiting a simple EDFA model that allows an efficient estimation of the OLS behavior, knowing only the setting operative ranges of the devices. The results show that the satisfactory outcome produced during the design phase is further improved by the iterative supervised learning approach. The latter approach is implemented for single OLSs between couples of adjacent reconfigurable optical add and drop multiplexers, each equipped with a certain set of transceivers, enabling the QoT estimation of the specific OLS.