The resurgence of invasive meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W with sequence type ST-11 (cc11) was observed in Madagascar in 2015-2016. Three cases were investigated in this study. Molecular characterization of the strains suggests the local transmission of a single genotype that may have been circulating for years.
IntroductionL'hémogramme est un bilan biologique de routine demandé chez tout patient souffrant d'Hypertension Artérielle (HTA). Cette étude se propose de décrire les résultats d'hémogramme chez les hypertendus et d'identifier les pathologies associées.MéthodesIl s'agit d'une étude rétrospective type descriptif s’étalant du 01 Décembre 2012 au 31 Décembre 2013 au laboratoire du Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Hôpital Joseph Raseta Befelatanana (CHU-HJRB) d'Antananarivo. Tous les registres des résultats des hypertendus demandant un hémogramme ont été exploités.RésultatsParmi les 151 hypertendus, 91 (60,3%) ont présenté des hémogrammes pathologiques. Parmi ces derniers, 64 (70,4%) ont montré un seul type d'anomalie et 27 (29,6%) des anomalies multiples. Les anémies (33,91%), les hyperleucocytoses (33,04%), les polyglobulies (10,43%) et les leucopénies (9,57%) sont les plus fréquentes. Pour les anomalies multiples, les anémies associées aux hyperleucocytoses sont les plus observées (29,6%). Les anémies microcytaires (41%) et les hyperleucocytoses à polynucléaires neutrophiles sont les plus dominantes (47,4%). Les patients hospitalisés en néphrologie (90%) et en endocrinologie (81,3%) sont les plus concernés (p = 0,008). Les hypertendus moins de 20 ans (100%) et les femmes (61,5%) sont les plus affectés (p > 0,05). Les crises convulsives (100%), les œdèmes des membres inférieurs (100%) et le diabète (70%) sont les signes et pathologies associés les plus rencontrés (p > 0,05).ConclusionL'hémogramme doit être prescrit chez tout patient hypertendu pour connaître les affections sous-jacentes qui seront traitées simultanément avec l'HTA. Ainsi, le patient hypertendu sera pris en charge convenablement et son espérance de vie sera améliorée.
Introduction: Staphylococci are among the most important and severe pathogens in human infections. The aims of this study are to evaluate the resistance of strains of Staphylococci isolated in different pathological products to the main antibiotics and to identify the factors associated with Staphylococcal infections in order to improve the care of the patient. Methods: It is a retrospective and descriptive study of 108 strains of Staphylococci in a period of nineteen months from January 2016 to July 2017. Results: Among of the 108 strains of staphylococci, 92 (85.2%) were resistant to penicillin G, 70 (64.8%) to cotrimoxazole, 40 (37%) to tetracyclines, 22 (20.4%) to gentamycin and 18 (16.7%) to levofloxacin. Resistance to Macrolides-Lincosamides-Streptogramins B showed 23 (21.29%) constitutive (cMLSB) phenotypes and 4 (3.7%) inductible (iMLSB) phenotypes. No resistance to vancomycin was observed. Women (77.1%) (p = 0.01), patients aged 40 years and over (72.5%)(p=0.2 ;NS), in surgical departments (100%)(p=0.01), with pneumonia (92.9%) (p <10-3) and pleural effusions (100%) ( p<10-3) were the most affected by Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, 19 (17.59%) strains of methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus were identified and found mainly in suppurations (47.4%) and in blood cultures (15.8%). All methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to penicillin, 68.4% to cotrimoxazole, 47.4% to tetracyclines, 36.8% to lincomycin and 31.6% to gentamycin. Conclusion: Staphylococci were highly resistant to different classes of antibiotics except Vancomycin. Cytobacteriological examination with antibiogram is necessary for any patient with Staphylococcus infection.
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