BackgroundThe babassu palm tree is native to Brazil and is most densely distributed in the Cocais region of the state of Maranhão, in northeastern Brazil. In addition to the industrial use of refined babassu oil, the milk, the unrefined oil and the nuts in natura are used by families from several communities of African descendants as one of the principal sources of food energy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of babassu oil on microvascular permeability and leukocyte-endothelial interactions induced by ischemia/reperfusion using the hamster cheek pouch microcirculation as experimental model.MethodsTwice a day for 14 days, male hamsters received unrefined babassu oil (0.02 ml/dose [BO-2 group], 0.06 ml/dose [BO-6 group], 0.18 ml/dose [BO-18 group]) or mineral oil (0.18 ml/dose [MO group]). Observations were made in the cheek pouch and macromolecular permeability increase induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) or topical application of histamine, as well as leukocyte-endothelial interaction after I/R were evaluated.ResultsThe mean value of I/R-induced microvascular leakage, determined during reperfusion, was significantly lower in the BO-6 and BO-18 groups than in the MO one (P < 0.001). In addition, histamine-induced increase of microvascular permeability was significantly less pronounced in BO groups compared to MO one. No significant differences among groups in terms of leukocyte adhesion, concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1, and interleukin 6 were found.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that unrefined babassu oil reduced microvascular leakage and protected against histamine-induced effects in postcapillary venules and highlights that these almost unexploited nut and its oil might be secure sources of food energy.
Objective: to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors associated with dyslipidemia in Quilombola communities in Maranhão, Brazil. Methods: a cross-sectional study was performed from February 2010 to November 2011. A total of 202 individuals belonging to the Quilombola communities in Codó, Maranhão were assessed. Risk factors associated with dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome (MS) were evaluated. Results: the results showed a high prevalence of dyslipidemia (72.28%) and hypertension (43.07%). Isolated hypertriglyceridemia (38.61%) with normal levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was present in most individuals. Furthermore, the prevalence of MS and the estimated cardiovascular risks were low in this population. Conclusion: dyslipidemia, at the expense of triglycerides, and hypertension was highly prevalent. However, the frequency of other risk factors for cardiovascular events was low. A low prevalence of MS and cardiovascular risk according to the Framingham score for cardiovascular diseases was also identified.
Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil alimentar, estado nutricional, hábitos de vida e consumo de frequência alimentar de derivados de babaçu em comunidades quilombolas em uma cidade do estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo por meio de questionários de recordação de 24 horas, pesquisa de frequência alimentar de derivados de babaçu e dados antropométricos. O estudo foi realizado em comunidades quilombolas no nordeste do Brasil. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 87 indivíduos com mais de 21 anos. A amostra apresentou 57,47% de participantes do sexo feminino e 42,53% do masculino, com faixa etária predominante entre 40 e 59 anos. De acordo com o estado nutricional, 47,13% foram classificados como eutróficos, 35,63% como obesos e 3,45% como baixo peso. Entre os indivíduos obesos e com sobrepeso, 69,76% eram do sexo feminino. As proteínas tiveram o maior percentual de adequação, 83,91%. Os carboidratos foram consumidos acima dos níveis recomendados, 27,59%. Conclusão: Os derivados de babaçu mais frequentemente ingeridos foram óleo e nozes. O estudo demonstrou alta prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade. A proteína foi o macronutriente com a maior porcentagem de adequação da dieta. A ingestão de vitaminas A, C, E e B2 foi inadequada.
Objetivos: avaliar os fatores de risco cardiovascular associados à dislipidemia em comunidades quilombolas do Maranhão, Brasil. Métodos: um estudo transversal foi realizado no período de fevereiro de 2010 a novembro de 2011 em 202 indivíduos pertencentes às comunidades quilombolas de Codó-MA. Avaliaram-se os fatores de risco associados à dislipidemia e síndrome metabólica (SM). Resultados: o estudo mostrou alta prevalência de dislipidemia (72,28%) e de hipertensão arterial (43,07%). Houve predomínio de hipertrigliceridemia isolada (38,61%) com valores de lipoproteína de alta densidade e lipoproteína de baixa densidade normais na maioria dos indivíduos. A prevalência de síndrome metabólica e o risco cardiovascular estimado foram baixos nesta população. Conclusão: houve grande prevalência de dislipidemia, à custa de triglicerídeos, e hipertensão; entretanto, a frequência de outros fatores de risco para eventos cardiovasculares foi baixa. Uma baixa prevalência de SM e de risco cardiovascular, segundo o escore de Framingham para doenças cardiovasculares, também foi identificada.
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