The development of a globally harmonized system (GHS) on an international level requires various countries to classify chemicals according to hazardous properties using similar categories. The classification criteria include physical, toxic (health), and environmental properties. The GHS is also being included in the U.S. regulations through the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking issued in September 2009 by the Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA). It has been suggested in the rulemaking that, in cases where experimental data are not available to predict some types of hazard, quantitative structure− activity relationships/quantitative structure−property relationships (QSAR/QSPR) can be applied as found necessary. Any chemical or physical property of the material can be related to information within an individual molecule and its structure, thereby developing prediction models such as QSAR and QSPR. This review examines the work published for QSARs/QSPRs (in addition to previously published reviews) on the prediction of some of the hazardous properties for selected hazard classes within the GHS regulation. These models are powerful but, at times, are limited in application for some types of compounds and properties. The development of extensive models will greatly enhance the need for hazardous classifications of chemicals.

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Corrosion is one of the most significant threats for onshore pipelines that may lead to a Loss of Containment (LOC). A LOC poses significant consequences over the surrounding people and environment because of the hazardousness of the transporting fluids, so different efforts have been raised to predict pipe failures, which are commonly based on reliability assessments with limit state functions. These functions are gathered in serviceability, leakage, and ultimate conditions, out of which the last two approaches contemplate a LOC. This paper reviews recognized limit state functions for corroded pipelines, and it discusses their assumptions and applicability. Specifically, this paper focuses on burst limit pressures considering the relevance in the academic literature and Oil & Gas standards. Therefore, a thorough comparison is presented based on failure criteria, acceptable defect dimensions, failure probability, and error prediction based on experimental and numerical burst tests. The objective is to evaluate the level of conservatism of each simplified model depending on the material toughness and the corrosion rate. This review aims to support a reliability model selection in corroded pipelines for future intervention strategies.

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