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This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and anticancer effects of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the roots of Ficus beecheyana (EERFB and AERFB) and their phenolic components. In this study, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of EERFB were higher than those of AERFB. Major phenolic compounds in the extracts were gallic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, and rutin; which were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Flow cytometric analysis of HL-60 cells exposed to EERFB showed that the percentage of apoptotic cells increased in a dose-dependent manner. EERFB treatment resulted in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and induced the apoptosis of HL-60 cells through a Fas- and mitochondrial-mediated pathway. Finally, pretreatment with general caspase-9/-3 inhibitors prevented EERFB from inhibiting cell viability in HL-60 cells. Our finding suggests that EERFB is an agent that may have antioxidant activity and inhibit the growth of cancer cells.

This paper is concerned with the algebraic derivation for the production lot size problem with backlogging, random defective rate, and rework. Conventional approaches for solving optimal production lot size are by using the differential calculus on the productioninventory cost function with the need to prove optimality first. Recent articles proposed the algebraic approach to the solution of the classic economic order quantity (EOQ) and economic production quantity (EPQ) models without reference to the use of derivatives. This paper extends it to an EPQ model taking backlogging, random defective rate, and rework into consideration. This note demonstrates that optimal lot size for such an imperfect quality EPQ model can be derived without derivatives. The expected production-inventory costs can also be obtained immediately.

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