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This paper analyzes the features of emergency surgeries under urban emergencies, and establishes a model for batch surgery scheduling, taking the issue as the flow-shop scheduling problem (FSP) with parallel machines. The modelling also takes account of the fatigue of doctors after long-term continuous operations, which causes the aging of the operating time and the success rate of saving lives. Then, the improved moth-flame optimization (IMFO) was adopted to solve the established emergency surgery scheduling model. Finally, the proposed model and algorithm were verified through an actual case.