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Currently, there is a growing market for implant coatings that efficiently ward off bacterial infections while aiding in clinical osseointegration. Due to its potential to have a number of functions (including osteogenic activity and antibacterial activity) for bone implantation, the hydroxyapatite (HA) coating doped with multiple ions has drawn a lot of attention. In this study, innovative nanohydroxyapatite coatings containing simultaneous Sr 2 + , Mn 2 + , and Ag + substitutions (MnSrAgHA) were devised and effectively electrodedeposited on pure titanium. That is, the antibacterial ability of MnSrAgHA was enhanced by Ag + , Sr 2 + and Mn 2 + not only can balance the potential cytotoxicity of Ag + , but also can improve the bone repair rate of composite materials. Some experimental (FE-SEM, XPS and EDS, etc.) results about the characterization show that Sr 2 + , Mn 2 + and Ag + can uniformly combine into the HA lattice to form the SrMnAgHA coating. The MnSrAgHA coating surface was rather dense, with numerous needle-like or flower cluster crystals, and the coating thickness is approximately 10 μm. Moreover, compared with other coatings (HA, AgHA and SrAgHA), the MnSrAgHA coating had a smaller roughness and higher contact angle. However, the contact angle of MnSrAgHA was still within the hydrophilic range. Staphylococcus aureus growth was inhibited by the MnSrAgHA coating, and the antibacterial rate was almost 100 %. The MnSrAgHA coating dramatically enhanced cell proliferation, adhesion, and differentiation abilities, according to in-vitro cell culture studies. As expected, osteoblasts are not significantly cytotoxic by the MnSrAgHA coating. Due to its adaptability, the multi-element co-doped HA coating (MnSrAgHA) offers enormous clinical application potential in anti-infective repair.

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The introduction of trace elements into hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings has been widely used for antimicrobial and biocompatible modification of metal implants. In this study, a multifunctional coating of HA co-doped with Cu 2 + , Zn 2 + , Sr 2 + and F À (CuZnSrFHA) was synthesized on titanium substrate by onestep electrodeposition technology. The CuZnSrFHA consisted of nanoscale needle-like crystals with low roughness and poor hydrophilicity. However, it can continuously release Cu 2 + , Zn 2 + and Sr 2 + within 14 days while maintaining good physiological stability. Based on the synergistic effect of Cu and Zn, the CuZnSrFHA coating showed some inhibitory effect on E. coli and S. aureus. Furthermore, the CuZnSrFHA was not significantly cytotoxic and promoted early adhesion and alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblasts. In conclusion, the multielement co-doped CuZnSrFHA coating was expected to be a novel surface modification material for the prevention of infectious bone defects.