No abstract

Glioma is the most common primary intracranial tumour, 1 caused by glial or precursor cells. Despite there are already some great advances in molecular targeted therapy, 2 immunotherapy 3 and other therapeutic strategies, the overall survival (OS) of glioma has not improved, and a 5-year OS overall survival rate less than 35%. 4 Rapid development in molecular biology and genomics 5,6 has contributed to the discovery of prognostic markers for glioma (such as IDH1/2mutation, 7 and MGMT methylation 8 ). However, current prognostic markers such as IDH and NOS are widely presented in glioma of different levels of malignancy, resulting in an insufficient guidance for the prognosis of glioma patients. 9 In addition, due to the complexity of tumorigenesis and development, the prognosis of cancer patients

Endothelial dysfunction, induced by oxidative stress, is an essential factor affecting cardiovascular disease. Uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) leads to a decrease in nitric oxide (NO) production, an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, NO consumption, and NO synthesis. As a main active ingredient of astragalus, astragaloside IV can reduce the apoptosis of endothelial cells during oxidative stress. This review is aimed at exploring the mechanism of astragaloside IV in improving oxidative stress-mediated endothelial dysfunction relevant to cardiovascular diseases. The findings showed that the astragaloside IV can prevent or reverse the uncoupling of eNOS, increase eNOS and NO, and enhance several activating enzymes to activate the antioxidant system. In-depth validation and quantitative experiments still need to be implemented.