Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson is one of the essential oils producing plants that have many benefits for humans. However, there is little information about the floral morphology and anatomy of C. odorata. The aim of this study is examining the floral morphology and anatomy of C. odorata. The flower morphology (color, shape, and size of the flower) were observed at fresh mature flowers. While, the flower anatomy (pistil, stamen, and ovary) were observed at flower histological samples. The flower was fixed, dehydrated, alcoholized, embedding in paraffin, and stained with safranin-fast green. The results of this study showed that flowers of C. odorata are complete flowers that had 3 green sepals (0.5 – 0.9 cm), 6 – 12 yellowish-green petals (2.5 – 7.2 cm), 8 – 15 dark green pistils (5 – 8 mm), and numerous stamens. The shape of pistils is oval and contains one ovary which has 8 – 12 ovules. The shape of the stamens is elongated oval and contains pollens. The information about the floral morphology and anatomy of C. odorata might enhance the understanding of future studies regarding natural reproduction and cultivation programs.

Sektor kehutanan merupakan salah satu sektor yang memiliki peran penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia. Produk-produk kayu yang dihasilkan dari sektor kehutanan mempunyai kontribusi dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi melalui pertambahan nilai investasi, peningkatan kinerja ekspor, pendapatan negara melalui pajak dan non pajak, serta penciptaan peluang usaha dan penyerapan tenaga kerja. Namun dengan adanya pandemi Covid-19 telah memberikan dampak yang cukup signifikan terhadap sektor kehutanan yaitu mengurangi berbagai aktivitas ekonomi termasuk pembangunan dan pengelolaan hutan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui performance industri hasil hutan kayu di Indonesia dan menentukan strategi pemulihan pascapandemi Covid-19 yang mendukung pengelolaan hutan di Indonesia. Berdasarkan kajian ini, pandemi Covid-19 berpengaruh terhadap sektor kehutanan namun tidak secara signifikan. Produktivitas kayu bulat selama pandemi Covid-19 tetap meningkat, meskipun beberapa kali terjadi penurunan. Produksi kayu olahan menunjukkan perkembangan yang positif dan pengembangan hilirisasi produk kayu sangat diperlukan. PDB sektor kehutanan masih sangat rendah dibandingkan dengan sektor lainnya sehingga perlu upaya untuk mendorong peningkatan PDB. Produk kayu masih sangat diminati masyarakat dan perlu dilakukan modernisasi produk untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah produk kayu. Peluang industri kehutanan sangat bergantung pada lahan kelola (logging/managed forests) dan pengelolaan sumber daya hutan itu sendiri. Pemerintah perlu mendorong industri hasil hutan kayu di Indonesia agar tetap berkembang dengan melakukan berbagai penguatan seperti pendanaan, teknologi, dan stakeholder terkait.

Cananga is one of the forestry plant that has high economic value and benefits. The provision of high-quality seed is necessary for establishy cananga plantation. The aim of this study was to observe the fruit morphology and analyze the physical quality of cananga seeds. This research method consisted of (1) morphological observation of seed (fruit size, number of seeds per fruit, and their correlation); (2) physical quality testing of seed (the weight of 1 000 seeds and seed moisture content). The observations showed that the fruit length were 7.40-27.5 mm, width 0.43-16.63 mm and weight 0.36-2.88 grams. The size of fruit have significant effect on the number of seeds in the fruit, there are 1-12 seeds in one cananga fruit. There are approximately 16 000 seeds in 1 kg of cananga seed. Seed moisture content of fruit that taken from tree (51.20-59.20%) is higher than seed water content of fruits that fall due to ripe physiologically (34.57-37.82%). Key words: cananga, morphological, physical quality, seed

The suitable seed storage method is important to maintain seed viability. This study aimed to examine the effect of periods and media storage on the viability of cananga seed (Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson forma genuina). The treatments used in the seed viability test were 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks as period storage and cocopeat, ash, and charcoal as media storage. The seeds were stored in the plastic at room temperature (± 25°C). The variables observed in this study were seed moisture content, percentage of germination, maximum growth potential, average days of germination, T50, germination value, and the number of seeds that germinate during storage. The percentage of C. odorata seeds germination without storage is 54%. The seed storage for 2 – 6 weeks in ash and charcoal hush caused their viability was drop. The seeds storage of C. odorata up to 6 weeks in cocopeat could maintain seeds viability with a percentage of germination that has no significant difference compared to control. In general, cocopeat can be used as one of the storage media in the seed storage of C. odorata before sowing.Keywords: Cananga odorata, cocopeat, germination percentage, seed, viability

Abstract. Nurhayani FO, Wulandari AS, Suharsi TK. 2019. Morphology and anatomy of the fruit and seed of Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson. Biodiversitas 20: 3199-3206. Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson is one of the Annonaceae family which has high benefits for humans such as constructions, furniture, cosmetics, perfumes, and traditional medicines. The planting efforts were needed to support the existence of these plants. These plants have low regeneration and germination. The morphology and anatomy of fruit and seed could enhance the understanding of the reproductive biology in the species. There is little information about the morphology and anatomy of fruit and seed of C. odorata var. odorata forma genuina. The aim of this study is to understand the morphology and anatomy of fruit and seed of C. odorata. The morphologic description was made from the analysis of the fresh fruits and seeds. The anatomical description was made from the analysis of permanent slides with longitudinal sections of the fruits and seeds. The samples were fixed, dehydrated, alcoholized, embedding in paraffin, and stained with safranin-fast green. Data analysis consists of the morphological observation (shape, color, size and the number of seeds per fruits) and the anatomical observation (the pericarp layers of fruit, the seed coat layers, and the structure in the seed). The fruit of C. odorata var. odorata forma genuina was fleshy, ovoid or obovoid, 0.98-2.75 cm long, 0.42-1.63 cm in diameter, and contain 1-12 seeds. The seeds were pale brown, flattened, ovoid, and hard. The fruit anatomy showed that the pericarp layers derived from parenchymatous cells and differentiated into three zones, i.e. exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp. The seed has ruminated endosperm with irregular folds. The seed coat was divided into three integuments, i.e. outer, middle, and inner integument. The information about the fruit and seed anatomy of C. odorata var. odorata forma genuina might enhance the understanding of future studies regarding natural reproduction and conservation programs with generative propagation.