Abstract"lthough anxiety is not necessarily a pathological phenomenon, it can become dysregulated, causing sufering. Indeed, emotion dysregulation lies at the core of many psychopathologies. Thus, anxiety regulation is central to all efective psychological treatment. The predominant perspective on emotion regulation and dysregulation is appraisal theory, which proposes that the cognitive appraisal of an event generates an emotional response. "ccording to Gross s process model, any emotion can become dysregulated when the patient lacks or fails to use an appropriate regulatory strategy. Therefore, the clinician must teach the patient beter regulatory strategies. The perspective we put forward departs from Gross s model based on appraisal theory. The experiential-dynamic emotion-regulation model, EDER, grounded in afective neuroscience and modern psychodynamic psychotherapy proposes that emotions precede cognition temporal and neuroanatomical primacy , emotions are not inherently dysregulated they have speciic properties of time and strength proportional to the quality of the stimulus , and dysregulation derives from the combination of emotions plus conditioned anxiety, or from secondary-defensive afects, both leading to dysregulated-afective states D"Ss . To regulate D"S, the clinician must regulate the dysregulating anxiety or restructure the defenses, which create defensive afects, and then help the client to fully express the underlying emotions that elicit anxiety and defenses. In this chapter, we speciically focus on dysregulated anxiety, its neural bases, and how to regulate it according to the EDER model. First, we present hypotheses and data to show the neural bases of anxiety. Then, speciic strategies and techniques to regulate anxiety are explained and clinical excerpts illustrate their application.