In spite of the increase attention on the corporate social responsibility (CSR) which is considered to be a responsible social behavior of a firm towards its stakeholders and environment, the underlying explanation mechanism that could describe this relationship has not been exhaustively investigated, especially in the context of Iraq. Thus, this study developed a theoretical model of moderation and mediation to provide deeper insight on the impact of CSR on the work engagement and organizational behavior. This research is focused on employees in Iraq, with primary data acquired using a structured questionnaire answered by 524 respondents. The study was undertaken to highlight employees’ perception of the different aspects of CSR and their effect on job satisfaction, work engagement, and organizational citizenship behavior. Data analysis was carried out using structural equation modeling, a combination of multiple regression and factor analysis. The study findings explicitly demonstrate that the dimensions of Corporate Social Responsibility have a very strong positive effect on Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Work Engagement. In addition, work engagement was found to have direct relationship with organizational citizenship behavior and job satisfaction, while job satisfaction has a direct relationship with organizational citizenship behavior, and mediating/moderating effect on the relationship work engagement and organizational citizenship behavior. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications of our findings were discussed in the study.

The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between leadership styles and employee commitment among employees working in the pharmaceutical industry, mediated by conflict management. The study adopted quantitative research method to examine the current study, a sample size of 110 employees was selected from the pharmaceutical companies in Kurdistan. Junior employees who had worked in the interested organizations for the past 10 years and deemed to have substantial dealing with supervisors and managers were purposively selected. Findings revealed that; the first research hypothesis is supported which stated that leadership styles will positively and significantly influence employee commitment at pharmaceutical companies in Kurdistan. Moreover, as for the conflict management as the mediation role between each leadership style (transactional, transformational, and charismatic) and employee commitment, the findings revealed that; conflict management has a positive and significant mediation role between all mentioned leadership styles and employee commitment, moreover the findings showed that the highest value was the mediation role of conflict management between transactional leadership and employee commitment, on the other hand the lowest value was the mediation role of conflict management between transformational leadership and employee commitment.

This study examines the impact of corporate social responsibility on organisational citizenship behaviour, work engagement, and job embeddedness. Structural equation modeling tests were conducted on 522 responses gathered from telecommunications companies in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The results depicted that corporate social responsibility improvements have positive effects on organisational citizenship behaviour, work engagement, and job embeddedness. Further observations depicted an insignificant positive partial causal path between corporate social responsibility, work engagement, and organizational citizenship behaviour. This study's novelty elements are inherent in its potency to examine the causal path between corporate social responsibility, work engagement, and organizational citizenship behavior. This study contributes to the literature by further expanding job embeddedness theory and proposing a comprehensive job embeddedness framework that researchers and practitioners can adopt in future research.

Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is a type of behavior that has an impact on the efficiency of an organization. It has far-reaching implications in the workplace. OCB can help organizations become more effective by improving productivity. Employee motivation and citizenship behaviours have become important issues in OB. This study examines the mediation role of organization citizenship behaviour between employee motivation and productivity at pharmaceutical Industries in KRG.The researchers employed quantitative research method via using a survey to measure the current study. The questionnaire was distributed randomly among 150 administrative employees of different pharmaceutical industries in Kurdistan region. However, the researchers were able to gather 139 completed questionnaires. The findings revealed that organization citizenship behaviour has a significant and positive mediation role between motivation factors and productivity at pharmaceutical industries in Kurdistan region of Iraq.

This study examines the impact of corporate social responsibility on organisational citizenship behaviour, work engagement, and job embeddedness. Structural equation modeling tests were conducted on 522 responses gathered from telecommunications companies in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The results depicted that corporate social responsibility improvements have positive effects on organisational citizenship behaviour, work engagement, and job embeddedness. Further observations depicted an insignificant positive partial causal path between corporate social responsibility, work engagement, and organizational citizenship behaviour. This study's novelty elements are inherent in its potency to examine the causal path between corporate social responsibility, work engagement, and organizational citizenship behavior. This study contributes to the literature by further expanding job embeddedness theory and proposing a comprehensive job embeddedness framework that researchers and practitioners can adopt in future research.