The use of a rapid and accurate method in diagnosis and classification of species and/or cultivars of forage has practical relevance, scientific and trade in various areas of study. Thus, leaf samples of fodder plant species Brachiaria were previously identified, collected and scanned to be treated by means of artificial vision to make the database and be used in subsequent classifications. Forage crops used were: Brachiaria decumbens cv. IPEAN; Brachiaria ruziziensis Germain & Evrard; Brachiaria Brizantha (Hochst. ex. A. Rich.) Stapf; Brachiaria arrecta (Hack.) Stent. and Brachiaria spp. The images were analyzed by the fractal descriptors method, where a set of measures are obtained from the values of the fractal dimension at different scales. Therefore such values are used as inputs for a state-of-the-art classifier, the Support Vector Machine, which finally discriminates the images according to the respective species.

A Deus, que esteve ao meu lado em todo momento, me fortalecendo e animando diante da situações difíceis que passei durante esta etapa.

PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS DE UM LATOSSOLO VERMELHO CULTIVADO NO SISTEMA PLANTIO DIRETO  Fernanda de Fátima da Silva; Onã da Silva Freddi; José Frederico Centurion; Ricardo Garcia Aratani; Fabricia Flavia Andrioli; Itamar Andrioli  Departamento de Solos e Adubos, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterináiras, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, ona_freddi@yahoo.com.br  1 RESUMO A pressão exercida pelo tráfego de máquinas necessário ao cultivo das culturas pode levar à compactação do solo com o tempo de uso do sistema plantio direto. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tempo de adoção do sistema plantio direto em algumas propriedades físicas, índice S, e matéria orgânica (MO) de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico de textura argilosa localizado em Jaboticabal, SP. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com parcelas subdivididas (quatro sistemas de uso e três camadas do solo avaliadas). Os quatros sistemas de uso foram: sistema plantio direto por 2 anos (PD2), plantio direto por 4 anos (PD4), plantio direto por 6 anos (PD6) e uma área de mata nativa (MN). As camadas do solo avaliadas foram: 0-0, 10; 0,10-0,20 e 0,20-0,30 m, nas quais foram determinadas a porosidade do solo, o diâmetro médio ponderado, a densidade do solo, índice S, condutividade hidráulica e o teor de matéria orgânica. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e, quando esta indicou diferença entre médias, utilizou-se o teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade para compará-las. A mata nativa apresentou o maior teor de matéria orgânica, macroporosidade, condutividade e Índice S; já entre os sistemas de plantio direto não houve diferença entre os parâmetros analisados no experimento, demonstrando que o tempo de seis anos de adoção do sistema não foi suficiente para alterar a qualidade física do solo.UNITERMOS: densidade do solo, porosidade do solo, índice S, condutividade hidráulica, agregados do solo  SILVA, F. F.; FREDDI, O. S.; CENTURION, J. F.; ARATANI, R. G.; ANDRIOLI, F. F.; ANDRIOLI, I. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AN OXISOL UNDER NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM  2 ABSTRACT             The pressure caused by agricultural machinery traffic many result in soil compactation in no-tillage system. The aim of this work was to evaluate no-tillage system onset time on some physical properties, index S and organic matter (OM) of an oxysol located in Jaboticabal,Sao Paulo State,Brazil. The experiment had completely randomized split-splot design .The treatments consisted of four no-tillage systems: no-tillage for 2 years, no-tillage for 4 years, no-tillage for 6 years and one natural wooded area. The evaluated layers were: 0-0.10m, 0.10-0.20m and 0.20-030m. The following were determined: soil porosity, soil aggregates, bulk density, index S and organic matter. The results were submitted to variance analysis and when there was a difference between averages, Tukey’s test was used to compare them. The natural wooded area showed higher organic matter, macroporosity, hydraulic conductivity and Index S. There was no difference between the studied parameters showing that the no-tillage system for six years was not enough to change the soil physical property. KEY WORDS: bulk density, soil porosity, index S, hydraulic conductivity, soil aggregates.

The nutritional status of maize (Zea mays L.) can be diagnosed by chemical analysis of leaves, which is very slow, or by visual diagnosis of deficiency symptoms, which is dependent on observer experience. The artificial visual system (AVS) is a technology to identify nutritional deficiencies in maize, allowing correction for nutrient supply at earlier development stages in maize. Our objective was to propose methods of artificial vision and pattern recognition to identify the concentration of magnesium (Mg) in maize plants grown in the greenhouse. Magnesium concentrations were 0.0, 0.65, 1.3, and 2.0 mM Mg, with four replications. Leaf scans were collected at V4 (four leaves fully developed), V6 (six leaves fully developed), and V8 (eight leaves fully developed) stages, and these leaves were samples for chemical assays. Such images were processed using AVS methods. Volumetric fractal dimension (VFD), Gabor wavelet (GW), and VFD with canonical analysis (VFDCA) were techniques used by the AVS to extract deficiency characteristics in the leaf images. The increase of Mg in the nutrient solution caused an increase in the Mg concentration in leaves, resulting in typical visual symptoms. The AVS method was able to identify all levels of deficiency, scoring 75.5% of rights in images of the middle section of leaves in the VFDCA method, in color scans of V4 leaves. The AVS was efficient at diagnosing Mg concentrations in leaves of maize during the V4 stage.

Reconhecimento de padrões de nutrição para nitrogênio e potássio em híbridos de milho por análise de imagens digitais.Pirassununga/SP 2015