Fermented milk is the generic name given to products such as yogurt, cultured milk, acidophilus milk, kefir, curd and kumys. This name is due to the fact that the milk is inoculated with starter cultures of lactic acid microorganisms, which convert part of the lactose from milk to lactic acid by fermentation. The lactic acid fermentation increases the shelf life of milk, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria and / or deteriorating. Other substances are also formed in the fermentation process, giving the products desirable sensory characteristics. Originally popular in the Middle East, fermented milks have a global spread of its consumption, mainly from the development of products containing added ingredients such as fruits and flavorings. The ratio of these products as functional foods aimed at health benefits, simplicity of manufacturing technology, the affordable and high relative expiration date for milk are some of the factors responsible for the success of these products in the world. In this paper we present a literature on the history, importance, composition, physico-chemical characteristics, manufacturing and defects that can occur in fermented milk products, with emphasis on yogurt and kefir.
Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content is internationally recognized for its ability to indicate the freshness or lack of freshness of honey and can be used to judge the processing and storage condition of honey. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the evolution of HMF levels in fresh extracted honeys submitted to different temperatures ranging from 30 to 100º C, during pre-established time intervals (30, 45, 60, 180 and 720 minutes).The test was conducted in floral honey with an initial HMF content of 2.2 mg/Kg. The maximum value recommended by the Brazilian law (60 mg/Kg) was not exceeded in the samples subjected to heating for 30, 45 and 60 minutes regardless of the temperatures used. When the samples were heat treated during 180 minutes at 90º C the official value was surpassed. The highest values were observed in samples subjected to heating over 720 minutes, and the limit was exceeded at 70º C. The results obtained indicate that the HMF content gradually increases when the honey is heated at high temperatures for long periods. Therefore, we suggest a process optimization, considering the initial HMF content of the product and standardizing times and temperatures to ensure a good quality of the final product.
ResumoOs produtos derivados de ovos são preparados a partir de ovos inteiros, da clara ou da gema separadamente. São utilizados como produtos líquidos, congelados ou desidratados, principalmente na indústria de sobremesas e panificação, na elaboração de massas alimentícias, maioneses, sopas em pó, cremes, etc. A utilidade dos produtos do ovo em grande quantidade de alimentos deve-se à sua coagulabilidade por ação do calor, por sua capacidade formadora de espuma e por sua ação emulsificante, além da cor e do aroma que conferem. A pasteurização, desidratação e tecnologias emergentes, são grandes aliadas à fabricação industrial e uniformização dos produtos, sendo
A geleia real in natura tem recebido atenção especial por parte dos consumidores devido aos benefícios à saúde que lhe são atribuídos. Considerando a crescente procura por este produto no estado do Rio de Janeiro, objetivou-se analisar a conformidade das informações contidas na rotulagem de 20 marcas distintas de geleias reais in natura comercializadas no estado do Rio de Janeiro, perante a legislação brasileira. Todos os rótulos analisados apresentaram mais de uma irregularidade, sendo as principais: exposição de informações tendenciosas (75%) e falta da informação sobre a ausência de glúten (60%). Mediante o exposto, conclui-se que tais inadequações podem implicar risco à saúde do consumidor e não apresentar os efeitos benéficos do produto. Recomenda-se o exercício rigoroso de fiscalização para o efetivo cumprimento da legislação de forma a evitar inadequações na rotulagem destacadas neste estudo, garantindo as informações necessárias para a segurança do consumidor.
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