-(distribution of the community of vascular epiphytes in sites under different degrees of disturbance in the ipanema national Forest, são Paulo, Brazil). despite the importance of vascular epiphytes to indicate the degree of local conservation, there is little research on this subject. the present research was performed in the ipanema national Forest, iperó, são Paulo, Brazil, aiming to characterize the vascular epiphytic community, to analyze their vertical distribution and to analyze the correlation among different sites. Three sites were considered: RIA -remnant isolated/modified, FAB -advanced forest/border, and Fai -advanced forest/inside. on each site 90 assorted trees (dBh ≥ 20 cm) were sampled. Frequency, abundance and diversity parameters based on the occurrence of epiphytes in the strata and in the assorted trees were estimated. in the present survey 21 species belonging to 14 genera and six families were found. the shannon index of diversity (H') for the whole epiphytic community was 2.272, the equability (J) = 0.713 and Margalef's richness (d) = 2.467. the richness and diversity of sites were: 18 species, H' = 2.159, J = 0.747 and d = 2.180 for the Ria site, seven species, H' = 1.270, J = 0.652 and d = 1.017 for the FaB site, and 13 species, H' = 1.587, J = 0.618 and d = 1.919 for the Fai site. although there are significant differences among RIA to FAB and FAI, there is no difference between FAB and FAI. This research highlights the influence of environmental changes over epiphytic communities and the importance of disturbed forest remnants or even isolated trees to sustain the vascular epiphytes.Key words -atlantic Forest, environmental change, phytosociology of epiphytes RESUMO -(Distribuição da comunidade de epífitas vasculares em sítios sob diferentes graus de perturbação na Floresta Nacional de Ipanema, São Paulo, Brasil). Apesar da importância de epífitas vasculares em refletir o grau de preservação local, existem poucas pesquisas sobre o tema. esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Floresta nacional de ipanema, iperó, sP, e teve por objetivo caracterizar e analisar a comunidade epifítica vascular em sítios sob diferentes graus de perturbação. Foram determinados três sítios: RIA -remanescente isolado/alterado, FAB -floresta avançada/borda e FAI -floresta avançada/interior e, em cada sítio, foram amostrados 90 forófitos com DAP ≥ 20 cm. Foram estimamos os parâmetros de freqüência, dominância e diversidade com base na ocorrência das epífitas nos estratos e nos forófitos. No levantamento foram encontradas 21 espécies, 14 gêneros e seis famílias. o índice de diversidade shannon (H') para toda a comunidade epifítica foi de 2,172, a equabilidade (J) = 0,713 e a riqueza de Margalef (d) = 2,467. A riqueza e a diversidade dos sítios foram de: 18 espécies, H' = 2,159, J = 0,747 e d = 2,180 para o Sítio RIA; sete espécies, H' = 1,270, J = 0,652 e d = 1,017 para o Sítio FAB; e 13 espécies, H' = 1,587, J = 0,618 e d = 1,919 para o Sítio FAI. Embora existam diferenças significativas entre os sítios RIA ...
Epiphytes are hyper‐diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non‐vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer‐reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non‐vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non‐vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events.
-(Richness and vertical stratification of vascular epiphytes in Jataí Ecological Station -a Southeast Brazilian Cerrado area). The richness and vertical stratification of vascular epiphytes was studied in Jataí Ecological Station (EEJ), São Paulo State, Brazil. A total of 1,574 epiphytes were recorded, corresponding to 29 species, 20 genera, and seven families. Angiosperms were represented by 23 species and Pteridophytes by six species. The characteristic form, holoepiphytes, was dominant in the area (93.1%). Epiphytes specialists were most common in the area, contributing with about 55% of species (17% trunk epiphytes and 38% canopy epiphytes); generalist species contributed 42%, and hemiepiphytes, with 3%. The intermediate zones had the highest number of species and more number of records. There was a significant difference among species that comprise the lower zones and the upper zones in the host trees. The richness and distribution of epiphytes are determined by some climatic factors, but the moisture and light intensity are the most important regulatory factors in the cerrado area researched. Key words: Ecological types, growth form, hotspots, phytosociology of epiphytes RESUMO -(Riqueza e estratificação vertical de epífitas vasculares na Estação Ecológica de Jataí -área de Cerrado no Sudeste do Brasil). A riqueza e a estratificação vertical das epífitas vasculares foram estudadas na Estação Ecológica deJataí (EEJ), SP, Brasil. No total, 1.574 epífitas pertencentes a 29 espécies, 20 gêneros e sete famílias foram encontradas. As Angiospermas foram representadas por 23 espécies e as Samambaias, por seis espécies. Os holoepífitos característicos formam dominantes na área (93,1%). Epífitas especialistas foram predominantes na área, cerca de 55% das espécies (17% de epífitas de fuste e 38% de epífitas de copa); as espécies generalistas contribuíram com cerca de 42% e as hemiepífitas com 3%. As zonas intermediárias apresentaram maior número de espécies e maior número de registros. Houve diferença significativa entre as espécies que compõem as zonas inferiores e as zonas superiores nos forófitos. A riqueza e a distribuição de epífitas são determinadas pelos fatores microclimáticos, sendo a umidade e a intensidade luminosa os fatores reguladores mais importantes na área de Cerrado estudada. Palavras-chave: Fitossociologia de epífitas, forma de crescimento, hotspots, tipos ecológicos
Efeito de borda sobre epífitos vasculares em floresta ombrófila mista, Rio Grande do Sul, BrasilEdge effect in vascular epiphytes in a mixed ombrophilous forest, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Efecto de borde en epiphytes vascular en un bosque ombrophilous variado, Rio Grande hace Sul, BrasilFernando Antonio Bataghin* Andréia de Fiori** Rogério Hartung Toppa*** RESumo: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo caracterizar o efeito de borda sobre epífitos vasculares em um fragmento de 53 hectares de Floresta Ombrófila Mista, localizado no município de Maximiliano de Almeida, RS. O levantamento quantitativo dos epífitos foi realizado em uma área de 0,2 hectares, distribuída em quatro réplicas de cinco metros de largura por 100 metros de comprimento, sendo que os transectos foram subdivididos em parcelas de 50 metros quadrados. Foram considerados como locais de implantações de epífitos vasculares os forófitos arbóreos que apresentaram como critério de inclusão o diâmetro à altura do peito maior ou igual a 4,77 cm e estes foram divididos verticalmente em quatro regiões: metade inferior do tronco; metade superior do tronco; ramos primários; e ramos externos. Para cada parcela amostrada foram tomados dados referentes à luminosidade, umidade e temperatura. Para cada espécie foi atribuída uma nota referente à sua respectiva abundância. Utilizou-se o Valor Total (vt -somatório das notas obtidas pelas espécies) para analisar a distribuição dos epífitos vasculares no gradiente. No presente estudo foram identificadas, em 193 forófitos, 18 espécies e 7 famílias, distribuídas em um gradiente borda/interior. As análises estatísticas mostraram correlação significativa entre o valor total dos epífitos e a luminosidade. As outras variáveis abióticas não apresentaram correlação significativa com o componente biológico. Os dados de freqüência mostram que 70% dos indivíduos amostrados ocorrem entre 10 e 60 metros da distância da borda e que das 18 espécies encontradas, 10 ocorrem exclusivamente ou apresentam mais de 70% do valor total neste trecho do gradiente borda/ interior. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a luminosidade é a principal variável abiótica relacionada à distribuição e à freqüência de indivíduos epifíticos vasculares no gradiente analisado. PalavRaS-chavE: Florestas tropicais. Luz. Plantas epífitas. aBStRact: This inquiry had as its aim to characterize the edge effect of edge on vascular epiphytes in a fragment of 53 hectare of a mixed ombrophilous forest located in Maximiliano de Almeida, Rio Grande do Sul. A quantitative survey of epiphytes was carried out in an area of 0,2 hectare, distributed in four retorts of five meters of width by 100 meters of length, and transects were subdivided in 50 square-meter pieces. We considered as a local of introduction of vascular epiphytes arboreal phorophytes using as a criterion of inclusion a diameter at breast height or equal to 4.77 cm and these were divided vertically in four regions: inferior half of the trunk; superior half of the trunk; primary branches and external branches. For ea...
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