This study was designed to analyse the evolution in the use of beef bull semen for dairy cattle insemination and, mainly, to assess calving difficulty, gestation length and proportion of stillbirths after breeding pure Holsteins or crossbreeding. Between the latter two, pure Holstein had the shortest gestation length. Calving difficulty and gestation length decreased as the age of the dam advanced. The most difficult calvings were observed in twin calvings, followed by the calvings of male calves and female calves. The gestations leading to the birth of male calves were longer than those leading to female calves and twin calves. Stillbirths were not related to the breed used for mating. Through examining these parameters, sire breed should be considered when selecting a beef breed for the insemination of milk-producing dams.
-The objective of this work was to identify factors associated with the 56-day non-return rate (56-NRR) in dairy herds in the Galician region, Spain, and to estimate it for individual Holstein bulls. The experiment was carried out in herds originated from North-West Spain, from September 2008 to August 2009. Data of the 76,440 first inseminations performed during this period were gathered. Candidate factors were tested for their association with the 56-NRR by using a logistic model (binomial). Afterwards, 37 sires with a minimum of 150 first performed inseminations were individually evaluated. Logistic models were also estimated for each bull, and predicted individual 56-NRR rate values were calculated as a solution for the model parameters. Logistic regression found four major factors associated with 56-NRR in lactating cows: age at insemination, days from calving to insemination, milk production level at the time of insemination, and herd size. First-service conception rate, when a particular sire was used, was higher for heifers (0.71) than for lactating cows (0.52). Non-return rates were highly variable among bulls. A significant part of the herd-level variation of 56-NRR of Holstein cattle seems attributable to the service sire. High correlation level between observed and predicted 56-NRR was found.Index terms: dairy cattle, logistic models, reproductive performance, sire influence. Fatores associados à taxa de não retorno em 56 dias em bovinos leiteirosResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar fatores associados com a taxa de não retorno de 56 dias (56-TNR) em rebanhos leiteiros na região da Galícia, Espanha, e estimá-las individualmente para touros da raça Holandesa. O experimento foi realizado em rebanhos do Noroeste da Espanha, entre setembro de 2008 e agosto de 2009. Recolheram-se dados das 76.440 primeiras inseminações realizadas durante este período. Foram avaliados os possíveis fatores candidatos quanto à sua associação com 56-TNR por meio de um modelo logístico (binomial). Posteriormente, 37 touros com um mínimo de 150 inseminações realizadas foram avaliados individualmente. Os modelos logísticos foram estimados também para cada touro, e os valores preditos de 56-TNR foram calculados como solução dos parâmetros do modelo. A regressão logística encontrou quatro fatores principais associados a 56-TNR em vacas lactantes: idade à inseminação, período do parto à inseminação, produção de leite no momento da inseminação e tamanho do rebanho. A taxa de prenhez à primeira inseminação, quando um touro particular foi utilizado, foi maior em novilhas (0,71) do que em vacas lactantes (0,52). Os valores da taxa de não retorno foram altamente variáveis entre touros. Uma proporção significativa da variação, no rebanho, de 56-TNR em touros de raça Holandesa é imputável ao touro. Foi encontrada uma alta correlação entre os valores observados e estimados para 56-TNR.Termos para indexação: bovinos leiteiros, modelos logísticos, desempenho reprodutivo, efeito paterno.
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