Prospective study carried out on 24 consecutive patients with Crohn's Disease, using sonography to assess changes caused by biological therapy and its relationship with the clinical-biological response. The Crohn's Disease Activity Index, the plasma concentration of C-reactive protein and abdominal sonograms (to assess the thickness and Doppler flow grade of the bowel wall and to detect the presence of any complications) were carried out one week prior to the induction treatment and two weeks after. The biological therapy induced remission or a partial response in 46% and 25% of the patients, respectively. It also caused a significant reduction in the thickness of the bowel wall (P = 0.005) and Doppler flow (P = 0.02), leading to the disappearance of complications in 50% of the patients. Sonographic changes were significantly more marked in patients who achieved some type of clinical-biological response, in such a way that sonograms were improved in 65% (P = 0.001) and complications disappeared in 100% of patients (P = 0.005) compared to those patients who did not respond to treatment. However, sonographic normality was only achieved in five out of 17 (29%) reactive patients (P = 0.27). This fact may support the use of sonography as a technique for optimizing the biological treatment of Crohn's Disease.

Our results show that leukocytes are related to the severity of local pancreatic damage in AP. Thus, LLS is a potential alternative technique to CECT for staging AP.

Male androphilia (i.e., male sexual attraction to other adult males) is known to cluster within families. Some studies demonstrate that male androphilia clusters in both the paternal and maternal familial lines, whereas other studies demonstrated that it clusters only in the latter. Most of these studies were conducted in Euro-American populations where fertility is low and the sexual orientation of male relatives can sometimes be difficult to ascertain. These two factors can potentially confound the results of such studies. To address these limitations, we examined the familial patterning of male androphilia among the Istmo Zapotec of Oaxaca, Mexico––a high fertility, non-Euro-American population where androphilic males are known locally as muxes, a third gender category. The Istmo Zapotec recognize two types of muxes––muxe gunaa and muxe nguiiu––who typify the transgender and cisgender forms of male androphilia, respectively. We compared the familial patterning of male androphilia between muxe gunaa and muxe nguiiu, as well as between gynephilic men and muxes (both cisgender and transgender forms combined). Istmo Zapotec muxe gunaa and muxe nguiiu exhibit similar familial patterning of male androphilia. Overall, muxes were characterized by significantly more muxe relatives than gynephilic men. This familial patterning was equivalent in both the paternal and maternal lines of muxes. The population prevalence rate of male androphilia was estimated to fall between 3.37–6.02% in the Istmo Zapotec. This is the first study that has compared cisgender and transgender androphilic males from the same high fertility population and demonstrated that the two do not differ with respect to the familial patterning of male androphilia.