ABSTRACT

Transpiration (E), diffusive resistance (r s ) and anatomical parameters were measured in plants of four grafted umbu tree genotypes (GBUs 44, 48, 50 and 68) in order to evaluate alterations induced by intermittent drought and possible genotypic variations. Transpiration measurements were taken daily until stomatal closure by withholding water. Measurements were also taken, when the plants were re-watered and the watering was interrupted again. This cycle was repeated for a period of 31 days (stress period). The control plants were also irrigated daily. A regular pattern in the stomatal opening/closing mechanism was observed throughout the watering period, exhibiting intra-specific differences. Stomatal behavior of GBU 44 and GBU 68 had correlation with air temperature (Tar), relative humidity (RH) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD), whereas GBU 50 had correlation with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). GBU 48 had no correlation with these environmental factors. Anatomical alterations in response to drought were observed in stomatal density (SD), reductions in the stomatal index (SI) and stomatal aperture size (SA). The anatomical features of the GBU 48 genotype remained unaltered. There was an inversion in tissue proportion in GBU 44 under stress conditions, reducing the spongy parenchyma and increasing palisade parenchyma thickness. The inverse occurred with GBU 68, while the remaining genotypes were unaltered. The results found in this study suggest that GBU 68 is the most drought-sensitive genotype and anatomical changes induced by intermittent drought are not enough to explain the physiological differences between genotypes.Key words: diffusive resistance, Spondias tuberosa, stomatal density, transpiration, water deficitMudanças estomáticas e anatômicas induzidas pela seca intermitente em quatro genótipos de umbuzeiro: A transpiração (E), a resistência difusiva (r s ) e parâmetros anatômicos foram medidos em mudas enxertadas de quarto genótipos de umbuzeiro (BGU s 44, 48, 50 and 68) com o objetivo de avaliar alterações e possíveis variações genotípicas induzidas pela seca intermitente. As medidas de transpiração foram tomadas diariamente até ocorrer o fechamento estomático das plantas sob suspensão da irrigação, e após a reirrigação e suspensão da rega novamente, repetindo-se este ciclo por um período de 31 dias (período de estresse). As plantas controle foram irrigadas diariamente. Foi observado um padrão regular no mecanismo de abertura e fechamento estomático ao longo dos períodos de rega, exibindo diferenças entre os genótipos. O comportamento estomático dos genótipos BGU 44 e BGU 68 se correlacionaram com a temperatura do ar (Tar), umidade relativa (RH) e déficit de pressão de vapor (VPD), enquanto que o BGU 50 apresentou correlação com a radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (PAR). BGU 48 não apresentou correlação com os fatores ambientais. Foram observadas alterações anatômicas em resposta à seca na densidade estomática (SD), reduções no índice estomático (SI) e abertura do ostíolo (SA). As carac...

In order to evaluate changes in leaf water potential (ψw) and solute accumulation induced by intermittent drought, an research was performed under greenhouse conditions using four umbu tree genotypes (GBU 44, GBU 48, GBU 50 and GBU 68) and two water treatments (control and stressed by withholding water), with four replicates. The ψw was measured in four-hour intervals during a 24-hour period at the first stomatal closure and at the end of the experimental period. Carbohydrates, amino acids, protein and proline contents were also evaluated in leaves and roots. Significant differences were found in most of the studied parameters. The lower ψw hour was between 800 h and 1200 h. GBU 50 reduced significantly ψw in stressed plants at 800 h, while control plants reduced at 1200 h . GBU 68 presented the higher ψw. The extending of the stress induced reductions to carbohydrates in the leaves of all genotypes, increases in amino acids to GBU 44 and 48, and reductions of 40% and 43% to GBU 50 and 68, respectively; results also showed alterations in proline content. In the roots, increases in carbohydrates were observed only in GBU 48. Alterations in amino acids, protein, and proline were verified. Umbu trees presented isohydric behavior maintaining high leaf water potential and a great variability in organic solutes accumulation in response to drought with marked differences among the genotypes.

A anatomia foliar de treze espécies pertencentes a nove gêneros da subfamília Hippocrateoideae (Celastraceae) foi estudada visando a seleção de caracteres anatômicos para subsidiar a taxonomia dos gêneros e espécies. As espécies estudadas foram: Anthodon decussatum Ruiz & Pav., Cheiloclinium cognatum (Miers) A.C. Sm., Cheiloclinium serratum (Cambess.) A.C. Sm., Cuervea crenulata Mennega, Elachyptera micrantha (Cambess.) A.C. Sm., Hippocratea volubilis L., Peritassa flaviflora A.C. Sm., Peritassa mexiae A.C.Sm., Pristimera nervosa (Miers) A.C. Sm., Salacia crassifolia (Mart. ex Schult.) G. Don, Tontelea fluminensis (Peyr.) A.C. Sm., Tontelea leptophylla A.C. Sm. e Tontelea miersii (Peyr.) A.C. Sm. Os caracteres anatômicos selecionados como diagnósticos para a taxonomia dos diferentes gêneros e espécies são: o tipo de esclereíde presente no pecíolo ou na lâmina foliar, o tipo de estômato, a conformação do sistema vascular do pecíolo, a sinuosidade das paredes anticlinais das células epidérmicas, a presença de hipoderme, a ocorrência de laticíferos, dentre outros.

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