La percepción musical y la producción de sonido son habilidades muy importantes en la formación de músicos que tocan instrumentos de cuerda frotada. El propósito de esta revisión bibliográfica es resumir el conocimiento de estas habilidades y la relación entre ellas. Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática de la literatura utilizando el protocolo PRISMA. Los estudios se extrajeron de Sage, Scopus, WoS y JSTOR utilizando los términos: música, afinación, entonación y percepción. Se encontraron un total de 1819 estudios y se seleccionaron 29. Los estudios analizados abarcaron el período de 1937 a 2019 y los niveles desde la escuela primaria hasta los instrumentistas profesionales. El análisis aplicó seis categorías predeterminadas a los datos extraídos de los estudios seleccionados mostrando, en el mejor de los casos, una relación moderada entre ambas habilidades. Los datos podrían confirmar un aumento en la relación entre las dos habilidades debido a factores como el aprendizaje y las etapas de desarrollo. No obstante, estas etapas están relacionadas con la automatización de esquemas psicomotores y el desarrollo cognitivo, así como con el desarrollo de la expresión musical de los estudiantes. Se discuten varias tendencias aparentes relacionadas con la percepción musical y la producción de sonido.
En este estudio cuantitativo de carácter descriptivo se investigan las creencias de 31 estudiantes de la especialidad de Música del Máster de Profesor de Educación Secundaria de la Universitat de València, sus expectativas al cursar este tipo de formación, su valoración de la distribución de los créditos de las asignaturas que lo conforman y diferencias en base al género. Los resultados presentan sus consideraciones para realizar este Máster, su opinión sobre la función docente, la metodología y contenidos que desarrollarán en futuras clases, las expectativas y la valoración de los créditos de las asignaturas del Máster, entre otros.
Self-regulation strategies and behaviors are important aspects of instrumental music learning because they allow students to set learning goals by testing and controlling their cognition, motivation, behaviors, and emotions. This work investigates the self-regulation processes of four young instrumentalists (aged 10–11 years) in their initial stages of viola and violin learning, during practice with Plectrus, a real-time instrumental intonation training and assessment software. The qualitative-hermeneutical nature of this research employed a multiple case study design to investigate the construct of self-regulation within a software-supported instrumental learning process. Data were collected from the participants’ practice diaries over a 4-week period. The final practice session was also analyzed from audio-visual recordings. The results indicate that, despite their limited experience, the students showed a diversity of strategies and behaviors with which they self-regulated their cognitions, motivations, behaviors, and emotions. However, not all the students employed the same processes, and there was variability in the frequency of their use. One of the students showed more self-regulatory processes than the rest and achieved the best scores, although it has not been possible to establish a relationship between the scores and self-regulation.
This work presents an analysis of the didactic literature for the initial learning of intonation on violin and viola. Analysis has been conducted through a document-analysis design of 86 methods. The chosen analytic categories were: (a) contents (number of pitches and sequence of pitches presentation); (b) pedagogy (teaching approach and use of pizzicato); and (c) auxiliary learning resources (written accompaniments and audio resources). The results of the analysis allowed us to conclude that there is a great disparity in the number of pitches, which is reduced with the passage of time. Different sequences coexist in practically all the materials, and the traditional teaching approach occurs the most frequently in the documents analyzed. A homogeneous teaching approach is adopted in most of the documents, especially with the violin. Pizzicato is scarcely used as a didactic resource. There is a wide inclusion of written (accompaniments) and recorded (minus-one) auxiliary resources in the most modern documents. Based on these results, a methodological proposal for the initial learning of intonation on these instruments is presented.
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