Objectives To study the early and late bone healing around implants placed according to a flapless immediate (test) or flapped delayed (control) implant surgical protocol. Materials and methods In eight beagle dogs, immediate and delayed implants were placed. Test and control implants were randomly assigned, and horizontal and vertical bone remodelling, as well as bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC), were assessed with histology at 2 and 8 weeks. Teeth were used as negative controls. Results Similar results were attained in the two groups when the vertical resorption of the buccal bone crest was evaluated (approximately 0.5 mm). On the other hand, a marked horizontal buccal bone resorption was observed. Immediate implants attained a thinner buccal bone crest as compared to the delayed implant and the tooth. De novo bone formation on the implant surface appeared to be more pronounced at delayed sites at 2 weeks, whereas at 8 weeks, no difference in BIC was observed. Conclusions Ridge alterations occurred at both implant placement protocols, with similar limited amounts of vertical buccal bone reduction and a pronounced horizontal bone reduction. The process of horizontal bone remodelling differed between the two surgical protocols.

Dental implants have shown to be a safe and reliable treatment approach for the rehabilitation of partial and full edentulous patients, demonstrating high long-term survival rates (Papaspyridakos et al., 2018). However, dental implants are not free from complications, and peri-implant diseases (peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis) are a frequent finding (Jung et al., 2012;Pjetursson et al., 2012).

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Background: The aim of this study, a prospective case series, was to evaluate the clinical, microbiological, and biochemical impact of the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis. Methods: Thirty subjects with diagnosis of peri-implantitis were treated following a surgical protocol including access flaps, surface decontamination with ultrasonics and glycine powder air-polishing, and systemic antibiotics. Disease resolution was defined by the composite outcome including presence of probing depths (PD) ≤5 mm, absence of bleeding on probing (BoP)/suppuration, and no additional radiographic bone loss (>1 mm). Regression analysis was used to evaluate the patient-, implant-, and prosthetic-related factors possibly influencing treatment outcomes. Results: Patients were evaluated at 6 months post treatment, demonstrating statistically significant reductions in PD (2.14 ± 1.07 mm) and increase in mucosal recession (1.0 ± 0.77 mm). Plaque, BoP, and suppuration were also reduced by 40.56%, 62.22%, and 7.78%, respectively. Disease resolution was achieved in 56.67% of patients. No significant changes were detected in microbiological parameters except for a significant reduction in proportions of Parvimonas micra. Similarly, the levels of the biomarker interleukin-8 in crevicular fluid were significantly lower at 6 months. Conclusions: The proposed surgical treatment of peri-implantitis demonstrated statistically significant clinical improvements although the impact on microbiological and biochemical parameters was scarce.

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