Este trabajo fue recibido el 21 de Julio de 2015 y aceptado para ser publicado el 23 de Octubre de 2015. Prevalencia de anemia y estado nutricional de escolares del área periurbana de Sucre, BoliviaAnemia prevalence and nutritional status in children of a suburban area of Sucre, Bolivia Rev Chil Nutr Vol. 42, Nº4, Diciembre 2015 INTRODUCCIÓN El hierro es un oligoelemento mineral indispensable para el humano, participa en procesos biológicos, tales como el transporte y almacenamiento de oxígeno, y en la síntesis de hemoglobina (1). Además, es fundamental para el funcionamiento apropiado de numerosas enzimas, por lo que su defi ciencia puede afectar múltiples funciones metabólicas incluida la respuesta inmunológica (2).La anemia por defi ciencia de hierro es una enfermedad nutricional de alta prevalencia en todo el mundo, especialmente en países en vías de desarrollo (3). La OMS estima que son anémicos alrededor de 39% de niños menores de 5 años, 48% de niños de 5 a 14 años, 42% de todas las mujeres y 52% de las mujeres embarazadas de los países en desarrollo (3-4). En Bolivia, la defi ciencia de hierro constituye el trastorno nutricional más común y la principal causa de anemia, con una prevalencia general de anemia del 56% (5), alcanzando un 86,6% de niños entre 6 a 23 meses de edad (6) y 34.7% en escolares (7). Actualmente, Bolivia se encuentra entre los países con los porcentajes más elevados de desnutrición crónica (8), tres de cada diez niños menores de 5 años tienen talla baja para la edad, tasa nacional que enmascara
INTRODUCCIÓNEl calcio es un mineral esencial que participa en la regulación de diversos procesos metabólicos, especialmente a nivel óseo y neuromuscular (1,2). Este micronutriente juega un rol crucial en el desarrollo de huesos y dientes, en la conducción nerviosa, contracción muscular, ritmos cardíacos, función cardiovascular, entre otros (1,3).La ingesta dietaria de calcio es importante para mantener la salud ósea (4). La infancia y la adolescencia son los períodos de la vida más críticos para alcanzar la masa ósea máxima durante la edad adulta (5). La mujer empieza a perder masa ósea a partir de los 40 años, debido al proceso de resorción del hueso y a la carencia de estrógeno después de la menopausia, Rev Chil Nutr Vol. 41, Nº2, Junio 2014
Randomized Controlled Clinical Studies in Latin American PediatricsObjective: To analyze the production of RCS among children and adolescents in Latin American countries, between 1996 and 2005. Method: In an observational bibliometric study, all available RCS in PUBMED and LILAC data bases for that period were reviewed. Included were studies of children between 0 and 18 years of age, from 19 Latin American countries; 400 references were included. As a control, all pediatric research from the State of New York, USA, for that same period of time was collected. The following parameters were evaluated: number of RCS per country, affiliation, pediatric area, and adjustments were made for population and GNP for each country. Results: Countries with the highest number of publications per year (RCS/yr) were: Brazil (14.6), Mexico (8.6), Chile (5.5), Argentina (3.9). During that same period of time, the State of New York published 26.7 RCS per year. Overall, in Latin America most published specialities were Nutrition (16%), Respiratory Diseases, Dental problems, Vaccinations, Neonatology. In New York, the most frequent specialty reviewed was Psychiatry/Psychology (23.6%). In Chile and Brazil, more than 85% of the studies were performed in Universities, in Mexico and Argentina in Hospitals and other organizations either public or private. Over 90% were published in Journals with ISI impact index. Conclusions: Random studies are rare in Latin America compared to developed countries, mostly conducted in Universities in few countries and focusing on pediatric topics of relevance to them.
Calcium as a nutrient involved in the synthesis and localization of proteins that facilitate iron uptake and effl ux in enterocytes El calcio como nutriente implicado en la síntesis y localización de proteínas que participan en la captación y efl ujo del hierro en los enterocitos ABSTRACT Iron defi ciency is the most common type of nutritional defi ciency in the world, and calcium intake is low in many populations. Developing a supplement that contains both micronutrients would be an excellent method to prevent iron defi ciency and increase calcium intake. Human and cellular studies have shown that calcium inhibits iron absorption. Currently, the mechanisms underlying this inhibitory effect have not been elucidated. Because calcium is involved in cell signaling pathways, it may affect the regulation of the expression or localization of proteins involved in iron uptake and effl ux in enterocytes. The aim of this review was to describe the processes involved in the absorption of dietary iron and the regulation of the expression and activity of proteins involved in this absorption. Additionally, the potential mechanisms by which calcium affects the expression and localization of these proteins are also discussed.
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