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. NO did not modify the duration of feet. Effects were evident even on pre-fusioned granules, observed under hypertonic conditions, suggesting that the fusion pore is not the target for NO, which probably acts by modifying the affinity of catecholamines for the intragranular matrix. NO could modify the synaptic transmitter efficacy through a novel mechanism, which involves the regulation of the emptying of secretory vesicles.

Objective: The objective of this trial was to compare the effect on the susceptibility of plasma Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidative modi®cations of consumption of two oleic rich diets, prepared with two different plant oils, virgin olive oil (OL) 1 and re®ned high monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA sun¯ower oil (SU)), with the susceptibility of plasma LDL to oxidation after an National Cholesterol Education Program step 1 (NCEP-I) phase diet. Design: A randomized crossover design. Subjects and interventions: Twenty-two healthy normolipidemic young males consumed an NCEP-I diet for a 4-week period. Subjects were then assigned to two diets each of 4-weeks duration. Group one was placed on an olive oil enriched diet (40% fat, 22% MUFA) followed by a 4-week period of a MUFA diet enriched in sun¯ower oil (40% fat, 22% MUFA). In group two, the order of the diets was reversed. Results: Both MUFA diets induced a decrease in saturated (14 : 0, 16 : 0, and 18 : 0) and an increase in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated n-6 (18 : 2, 20 : 3, and 20 : 5) plasma LDL-phospholipid fatty acids, compared to the NCEP-I diet (P`0.01). No signi®cant differences in lag times were observed between the olive oil and the NCEP-I diet periods. However there was a greater inhibition time (P`0.001) when subjects consumed the MUFA rich sun¯ower oil diet compared to the NCEP-I diet. These differences were probably related to the relative enrichment of plasma LDL particles in a-tocopherol due to the high vitamin E content of the MUFA-rich sun¯ower oil. Indeed, the a-tocopherol content was positively correlated with lag time (r 0.338; P`0.008). Conclusion: Our ®ndings suggest that changes in plasma LDL a-tocopherol content with practical solid-food diets can decrease its susceptibility to oxidation. Sponsorship: This work has been supported by grants from the Investigaciones de la Seguridad Social (FIS 92a0182, to Francisco Pe Ârez Jime Ânez); and from Koype Co, Andu Âjar, Jae Ân, Spain. Descriptors: oxidized low density lipoproteins; a-tocopherol; phospholipid; monounsaturated fatty acids; low fat diets; fatty acids

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SummaryThe nephrotoxicity of tobramycin given at a dose of 4.5 mg/kg/day for a period of 12 days to a group of 90 patients with a mean age of 62.9 years was studied.Toxicity was determined on the basis of 3 main criteria (oliguria <400 ml/24 hr, serum creatinine 0.4 mg increase over a minimum basal level of 1.2 mg/100 ml, BUN 5 mg increase over a minimum of 25 mg/100 ml); and 3 minor criteria (proteinuria, microhaematuria and cylindruria). These parameters were determined before treatment at 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, and 30 days afterwards. The age and coexistence of factors such as hypertension, diabetes, anaemia, cardiac insufficiency, shock and dehydration were considered. Nephrotoxicity level ranges from 3.3 to 38'8 % depending on the criterion used, and is related to hypertension (P<0.001), age (P<0.005) and association with ampicillin (P<0-005). Nephrotoxicity was reversible spontaneously in 96.7% of the cases and no differences have been observed between patients with moderate renal insufficiency and those with normal renal function on the initiation of treatment.