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Resistencia de Solanum tuberoSum a PhytoPhthora infeStanS por la introducción del gen RB Los autores no incurren en conflictos de intereses. ResumenUna de las opciones para el control de la enfermedad del tizón tardío de la papa es el desarrollo de variedades resistentes a Phytophthora infestans mediante la transferencia directa de genes de resistencia (R) por ingeniería genética. En el siguiente trabajo de investigación, se usó el gen RB de Solanum bulbocastanum, el cual otorga un amplio espectro de resistencia a razas de P. infestans. Para dicho fin, se transformó genéticamente vía Agrobacterium la variedad susceptible de papa Desiree (Solanum tuberosum) con el vector binario pCIP68 que contiene el gen RB. Como resultado, se obtuvieron 19 plantas transformadas con el gen RB, confirmadas por la prueba de resistencia a kanamicina y por la prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). Las 19 plantas transgénicas fueron sometidas a infección en invernadero bajo condiciones de bioseguridad con el aislamiento POX067 de P. infestans perteneciente al linaje clonal EC-1 que es dominante en el Perú. Tres AbstractOne of the most efficient options for the control of late blight disease in potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the development of resistant varieties to Phytophthora infestans mediated by the direct transfer of resistance (R) genes through genetic engineering. In the present work, we used Solanum bulbocastanum RB gene to confers broad spectrum resistance to P. infestans races. To that end, Agrobacterium -mediated genetic transformation was used to transform a susceptible potato variety, Desiree, with the binary vector pCIP68 harboring the RB gene. As a result, 19 transformed plants containing the RB gene were obtained. kanamycin resistance test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays confirmed the integration of the T-DNA in the potato genome. The 19 transformed plants, also called transgenic events were subjected to infection under biosafety greenhouse conditions. Phytophthora infestans isolate POX067 of the EC-1 clonal lineage, commonly find in Peru, was used for the infection. Three of the 19 plants ( [RB]

a.Identificación de genes relacionados con la tolerancia a la sequía en 41 variedades de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) Identification of genes related to drought tolerance in 41 varieties of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) Resumen El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar los genes relacionados con la tolerancia a la sequía en la quinua. Para ello, se evaluaron 41 variedades de Chenopodium quinoa Willd con seis repeticiones; en la etapa de floración, se seleccionaron al azar tres macetas/material, de cada variedad, para ser inducidas a sequía total por dos semanas, reanudándose el riego después de ese periodo, las otras tres fueron el control. A partir del día 27 después de la siembra, se midió el nivel de clorofila y se clasificó como tolerante o susceptible a la sequía, en función de su índice de contenido clorofila (ICC). Para la identificación de genes se tomaron muestras de hoja de tres variedades (Red head, Salcedo INIA y Kankolla 1). La Extracción del ARN se realizó usando el reactivo reagent® TRI y para el secuenciamiento de transcriptomas se utilizó la plataforma de Ilumina. Se identificaron 26 genes en las tres variedades de quinua, pero en las variedades tolerantes a la sequía; tres de ellos son regulados al alza ante la exposición a la sequía y cinco genes (AUR62037809, AUR62000271, AUR62037807, AUR62042825 AUR62009791) tienen un cambio en su patrón de expresión como consecuencia de la exposición a la sequía. Palabras clave: quinua; RNA-Seq; transcriptoma; sequía; Clonación al Azar. AbstractThe objective of the research was to identify the genes related to drought tolerance in quinoa. For this, 41 varieties of Chenopodium quinoa Willd were evaluated with six repetitions; in the flowering stage, three pots/material, of each variety, were randomly selected to be induced to total drought for two weeks, resuming irrigation after that period, the other three were the control. From day 27 after sowing, the chlorophyll level was measured and classified as tolerant or susceptible to drought, based on its chlorophyll content index (CCI). For the identification of genes, leaf samples of three varieties were taken (Red head, Salcedo INIA and Kankolla 1). RNA Extraction was performed using reagent® TRI reagent and for the transcriptome sequencing the Ilumina platform was used. 26 genes were identified in the three varieties of quinoa, but in the drought tolerant varieties; three of them are regulated upwards when exposed to drought and five genes (AUR62037809, AUR62000271, AUR62037807, AUR62042825 AUR62009791) have a change in their pattern of expression as a result of drought exposure.

ResumenEn el presente trabajo se identificó por primera vez peces Cebra transgénicos (Danio rerio) fluorescentes de color rojo, naranja y rosado introducidos al territorio peruano de acuarios locales utilizando la técnica de PCR para amplificar el transgen RFP perteneciente a la anémona marina Discosoma spp. Se encontró una expresión génica diferencial del transgen de la proteína fluorescente roja (RFP) que determinaría una gradiente de bioluminiscencia para cada color entre los peces OVM analizados. Se realizó un análisis de secuencias de las dos variantes de la RFP junto con las seis variantes de la GFP de proteínas fluorescentes existentes en el Genbank que podrían ayudar a identificar rápidamente si son nuevos genes o si son nuevas variantes de éstas proteínas fluorescentes y que podrían ser utilizadas en otros OVMs hidrobiológicos a futuro. De este modo, desarrollar y optimizar las medidas de bioseguridad mediante su oportuna detección a nivel genético molecular.

The African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) is a crop that is widely distributed in tropical regions around the world; however, this crop is subject to limitations such as rapid trunk growth and susceptibility to bud rot and red ring diseases particularly in South America. To overcome these limitations, national breeding and conservation programs have been established, and there is a need to identify parental palms from natural populations of the American oil palm (E. oleifera H.B.K. Cortes) with desirable yield and morphological traits (i.e., yield production and bunch number) and with high genetic diversity. However, in Peru the morphological and genetic data related to this important crop is limited. In this study, we characterized the morphological and yield and estimated the genetic diversity using 12 neutral microsatellite markers (simple sequence repeats, SSRs) across 72 oil palm individuals belonging to the E. oleifera germplasm collection located in the tropical region of Ucayali, Peru. Our results showed that morphological and yield traits explained approximately 40.39% of the variability within the Peruvian germplasm. Furthermore, Yield Production was highly correlated with two yield traits: Bunch Number (0.67) and Average weight per bunch (0.78). Based on the yield and morphological traits, a clustering analysis was performed and three phenotypic groups were identified (1, 2 and 3) in which groups 1 and 3 showed high scores associated primarily with yield traits. Microsatellite markers revealed 143 alleles, 11.92 ± 4.72 alleles per locus (A) and an expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.69 ± 0.045. A structural analysis identified three populations (k = 3), that were not related to the phenotypic groups. Interestingly, a multiple allele background was identified within the groups using multilocus and phylogenetic relationship analyses. This is the first Peruvian report regarding E. oleifera that shows preliminary data of the morphological and yield traits and genetic data, and highlight the importance of this information to set up future steps to national breeding strategies and improve the conservation of genetic material of E. oleifera. Overall, these novel findings could contribute to the development of the local oil palm industry in Peru.