Partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) exhibits excellent physical, mechanical, electrical, chemical, thermal, and bioactive properties. Therefore, it is frequently used as a material for thermal barrier coatings, refractories, oxygen-permeating membranes, dental and bone implants. In this study, magnesia-partially stabilized zirconia nanoparticles were successfully prepared from zirconium silicates and MgSO4 assisted with PEG-6000 via a facile templating method. The MgO concentration was varied from 1%–10% in wt% of ZrO2. Zirconium silicates were initially converted to Zr-precursor solution, exhibiting pH 3. Then, the appropriate amount of the Mg-precursor was mixed with the proper amount of the Zr-precursor solution. A 10%(w/v) PEG-6000 solution was added into the PSZ precursor solution at a ratio of the precursor-to-PEG volumes of about 15:1 under stirring and heating, resulting in a very fine white gel. The gel was filtered, dried, and then calcined at elevated temperatures of 600, 800, and 1000 °C. The characteristics of the final product were then evaluated. According to the experimental results, the MgO concentration influences the ZrO2 phase transformation at elevated calcination temperatures. In this study, the lower the MgO dopant concentration added into ZrO2, the more stable the t- ZrO2 phase in PSZ samples at high temperatures. However, the MgO presence is detected as periclase in all samples with a very low peak intensity at elevated calcination temperatures. The obtained PSZ samples consist of nanoparticles and high agglomeration, some of particles exhibit elongated and rod-like shapes. The PEG existence during the PSZ preparation has restrained particle interaction and aggregation of the as-synthesized PSZ samples, leading to PSZ nanoparticles evolution.

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the intercalation method by surfactant Cetyl pyridinium Chloride (CPC) with % weight variations and then followed by pillarization with aluminum polyoxo. Then the resulting solid phase is calcined at a temperature of 450 o C. The results obtained were that bentonite with modified CPC and aluminum polyoxo had higher basal distance and surface area characteristics compared to natural bentonite and this increase was also proportional to the amount of CPC added before the pillarization process. The best modification value in the addition of CPC was 36% by weight with a basal distance of 16,8898 Å and a surface area of 276.478 m 2 / g. From this research, it can be concluded that the addition of CPC and aluminum polyoxo to bentonite can increase the basal distance and its surface area. The added CPC concentration also has an effect on increasing the number of pillar cations that enter the bentonite so that the pillarization that occurs in bentonite is more and causes the characteristics of the bentonite to be better.

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Due to its excellent electrical properties, NaZr2(PO4)3-type sodium superionic conductor is a preferred material for the application in energy storages such as sodium ion batteries. Here, the initial study on the synthesis of NaZr2(PO4)3 from Indonesian West-Borneo Zircon is reported. The synthesis was conducted using our facile technique of a sodium carbonate sintering method. Zircon and the carbonate were mixed at a stoichiometry ratio approach and sintered at 1000°C. The sintered product was leached with water to dissolve the silica compound and continued by filtration and washing to obtain the zirconia compound, followed with phosphoric acid blending until pH 5 to get a precipitate. It was calcined at 800°C. The mineralogy, chemical composition, and particle sizes of the calcined product were evaluated. The synthesized sodium superionic conductor consists of NaZr2(PO4)3 with a trigonal structure as the main phase and SiO2 as the minor phase. The SiO2 content is accounting 6% of the total. Particle size analysis measured 90% of the total particle size distribution of the calcined NZP is less than 18.283 µm in sizes, while the average particle size is about 5.633 µm. The present study unveils a facile technique in the synthesis of NaZr2(PO4)3 from Indonesian West-Borneo ZrSiO4.