Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has been known as a nosocomial pathogen, both for the last 10 years in Turkey and for 20 years worldwide. Due to limited treatment options and high mortality rates, despite improvements in the field of medicine at the present time, CRKP is still a big threat for public health. This study was carried out between the dates of January 2010 and September 2014. Patients ≥18 who were hospitalized for at least 72 h and who also had CRKP growth were included in the study as a case group. In the same period patients, who were hospitalized in the same ward and did not have CRKP growth were selected as the control group. It was determined that no glycopeptides and steroids use nor tracheostomy as protective factors would be employed in terms of non-development of CRKP. Mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, urinary catheter presence, central venous catheterization, nasogastric tube placement, advanced age, acute renal insufficiency, total parenteral nutrition, carbapenem, glycopeptide, and piperacillin tazobactam were all detected as risk factors in terms of CRKP infection development. As a result, rational usage of antibiotics for preventing infections developing with CRKP should be targeted.

Background Protective long‐term immunity following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is unclear. The study evaluated the relationship between the vaccination status and risk factors in the re‐infection of patients with a diagnosis of COVID‐19 who reported to the Public Health Management System in a province in south‐eastern Turkey. Methods Patients with positive results for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 by the real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) test in respiratory samples were defined as confirmed cases. Reinfection was diagnosed in cases with COVID‐19 real‐time RT‐PCR positivity, with or without COVID‐19–like symptoms, in at least 90 days after the first infection/disease. Results A total of 58 811 patients with the diagnosis of COVID‐19 from March 11, 2020, to August 31, 2021, were included in the study. Re‐infection was detected in 421 (0.7%) of all patients. The mean age of the cases was 38.0±16.0 years, and 51% of them were female. Eight (2.0%) of the cases resulted in death due to re‐infection. No hospitalization or mortality was observed in fully vaccinated patients. Additionally, none of the mortal cases had completed the vaccination schedule. Conclusions We are concerned that the re‐infection rates and mortality may increase due to new variant strains. Vaccination is the greatest weapon against progression to critical illness in re‐infections, even with existing mutations. Therefore, it is important for those without a full vaccination schedule to be vaccinated, even if they have been previously infected.

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Background:The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major causes of chronic liver disease. From the perspective of hospital workers (HWs), employees are at risk of hepatitis B infection because of occupational exposure. Apart from this occupational risk, health professionals may still be affected by HBV, depending on the epidemiological characteristics of the country and geographical region they live in.Objectives: This study aimed to determine HBV, HCV, and HIV seroprevalence among HWs using data obtained from 21 hospitals located in six geographical regions in Turkey and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective, multicentre, descriptive study. Twenty hospitals from Turkey and one hospital from the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus were involved in the study. The variables of the study were vaccination status against HBV and hepatitis A and HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBcIgG, anti-HAV IgG, anti-HCV, anti-HDV, and anti-HIV serology results belonging to the previous year.Results: Women constituted 58.9% (n = 5,622) of the HWs included in the study. The mean age was 36.3 ± 9.09 years (min = 18, max = 72). In terms of occupation, 42.5% (n = 4,064) were nurses/health officers, and 24.8% (n = 2365) were physicians. HBsAg seroprevalence was found to be 1.8% (n = 169; 95% CI = 1.5% -2.0%), while anti-HBs seropositivity was 75.7% (n = 7,234). About 7.3% (n = 701) had natural immunity to hepatitis B. About 21.6% (n = 2,066) of the HWs did not receive hepatitis B vaccine. Conclusions: This study is the first study involving a large sample size from different locations of Turkey. According to the results, hepatitis B and hepatitis A vaccines should be administered to susceptible individuals and HWs.